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Ĺû
ߣҶС

İ
ܴδԼڼӰʱװչ˺󱲵ĵһȣȻͱˡ
֮Ǳ׷š
ʲôʱһͷӭϼǹ㴿ִ޹
ѱ߲ݵܣ̣ڻǳˡ
ţͦõġ
ֵܱΪܻᱻʹ˲ϣһѾܾɡ
ɵ˾ȴֺȻֻԶԶ
֣ͻЦܹ
ڰ֣Ҳɥ߿
ٲȻһĺ󱲡
뱻˹ϵȴˡ
ѵͲٿһ
ֻԶԶҾ
ıֲû
ȮXǰǰһС

ݱǩ Ե ж ҵ羫Ӣ 

ؼ֣ǣܣ  ǣ  ģܰճè

һ仰飺Ȯϵ󱲰

⣺ڰҵÿһĻʯ



01 
һس˫ֽ˸
ɫװճݵչıڰɫԼԳŵߡ
΢΢°ͣ͹ĺڰĲ΢һ£̾һ
ڰѷˡ
ΪѾڹ˾Ӱˡ
ˡ
չ׼úһ´˿̵ʱϵֻȴͻȻ
ܱ۾ֻϢȴһֱͣ
˭
üģֱֻ΢ϸڵĳλʿתͨŸǸϢ
һĻҴˡΪʲôҡ̫ļˡû˿Ĳеᷳ
Ǻھư棬ԷڨܼԼϲĳźͶԷϵʽ
û뵽˽һΣԷΪǵҪ
ϲ˹ϵָûиֻԼɡսƷĹϵ
ټˡ
ָỬһûбעĺ˺ͣϢ˲䰲
ȥǼҾưˡ
΢΢̾˿˾Ĳˮȥ
ò׼Ӱȥưɺһһµģڡ
ùֽĲĵ㿪Ȼ۽ͻȻƳһߴӰ˽
ҲڼӰ
ܽӺÿȣֽתŵߵĶ棬˸ŲˮĮ̇ߡ
ܶеӡ󣬳÷ϲã̬棬ʱĴ۾һֱŷԵԼǰһ佱ͻ᲻˼۾Ц˺۰Դ
ܲԼְϵ̫ңԴӲѱ߲ݣԴҲֻ˼ۣûйĹע
ϸһǰļȴԽԽöԷԼĲˡ
ܸ˰ͷխĺܺãʵŰѳŵñβŴҲǽʵļ⡣
֪ǲǲ̫ϰߴװԭ򣬼ϵúܽܲɵĶ࿴˼ۣǸϵڼϵȦ̲סҪǰקڰ칫һȦ
û°ࣿ
ջԼߣóǰӣװĵһ䡣
šû뵽ڲˮܣ΢΢һ£Ͻɵĵ˵ͷ
ʢĹһûꡣ
ŶܵӦһԥ֮»ǾԼԭᲽҪߣɼߵʱͻȻͣס˽Ų
˵ԼʱĻ⣬ֽ̧ԼĿȵݸǰļ
°࣬ʵڲʢ
˵꣬ûйͣתȥֱ˲ˮһЩżٵġлл
΢΢ǣĪľЩãҲûа·ϡ
ɵڶŸ˾ܾ͸оΧƺе㲻һˣԼߵһĿ׷Լ
᲻ʶʣˣ
ܴӹλվ׼ȥˮ䵹ȣɸߵһ룬̲סתͷһۣȴö˼˫Ĺۡ

ֵļ΢΢ɴ۾û뵽ܻᳯԼһʱҪ㣬գգ۾Լֻ洦ȻһһİԼŲ˵ʾĺ棬ΪܰԼ
ܿŵʾϷ¶һľǿһֻԼȴΨ¶ֻƵģɵǳЦһ¡

ﰵЦһתˮȥ
Ȼ֪Ŀ˭ҲȥˣϾеǡԸϹš
ҪǣҲ뿴׻ͨʲôӽ
ɺܿһܹȥˣܹȥˣܷǵûжֶԷĺԼ˾롣
ԴԼһȺ󣬼ȻʼտƵûкԼκιĽֻԶԶĿøӴ
ʲôʱһͷӭϼǹҳִ޹
۰Ͱ͵ңֲǰô
ܰԻڴĪĸеʧ䣬ӦʱŷԼȻһձҵĴѧ
һֻ
̻ܵң̵ٰҵͰϣͺһʹбԼ˳֣ƫƫϵ칦ͼı˱˴˵Ķ档
ڹ˾ʱһֱҿ
ôܹĿȴֲˣ
ܼʹͷĿ΢΢ĶţûȤתͷҪߵͬºȾƣʱȴ̧ͷĿС˹
ˡ
ܸն͸ֱܵҵߣɵ΢΢عͷȥɼһܵ߾͸Ͻͷȥ
װû֣ͬºȾ죬ֻҪһתͷͻջĿ⡣
С
ĪеЩҲ֪ԼЩʲôֻܺȾƽơ
ΪϸҵõԱ쵼ͬ¶ȾƣƽٺõҲЩŲס
ң뿪һᡣ
ܸоľƾãӿʼκҲĶˮҪϽȥһ¡
˼
߹ߵʱΪƾһ£Ҫײǣоһ˫Ƽʱһѡ
ллл
żҪߣûпǸ˭Ժĵлĵľķȥˡ
ջԼȥ˫֣ݵһ£ŷӦԼղžȻסܵ
鳤ϸ
˼İֻһ͵͵߬ƣתͷǹȴ˰۰Ͱ͵ķ򣬿ǵ˺þöܴ
鳤˰ɣ
鳤
ЩסˣĴ칦첽䣬һƿȴ濴һˡ
鳤
𣿡
ܵڸﱧͰ£˵һţǡŰʹ汻ƿȻһ˫ָڷִק͵˲ĸ
顱
һ뼾Ѿ˵ܺݺݵİŰϣҲ֮صĹϡ
飬鳤ôˣ
ͷ۽΢΢죬ˮܣĪһ¡
ƽһĮ鳤û뵽֮Ȼ¶˵ı顣
ҡ
΢΢ͷƳһǰߴˣȻŲӺۣԵİս͵һקʹͷԼӡ
ԣԺ󣬱ͷ˵
ԴκģΪ´ڼĶߡ
ãõġ
δԴź˲һƬֻܹɵ΢΢ͷܳȥȴûһĶԵ˵
ңϲ
/jie
ļһʱ͵ס֪ηӦ
㣬ҡɴʱѾ˵ܸ֪ı飬־ȥjieԼƤŲֹ߼㣬һˣƢСӡ
ȻܾܿӢ֮ƽһ棬ǺܿģϾ㽵ǰôҲû뵽˵һôĽӴȻԼڰjieƤ
ˡ
˳⿪סܸɴѿƤһʵ˵ϣȻλƵߵͰǰ档
ܷ·һҪˤӣһ£ǺŶ䣬ߵεķסࡣ
ô鳤
ܿԼǰȴҲûж̲סһ䣬ϲ𣿡
˿ţܲ˼
ܱŤʼҪѼ֧ţɼȴһֻסܵ۾
ˣڿˡ
ꡣ
лҪ˵
˵Ҫһ¾Ԥߵϲö֣Ϲ~


02 ؼ
ˣס۾Ҳûиеʲôԣ˽䱸ĿڼĻƫͷ΢Ĳ˲伾ļ羱
ͨİܷţڱôͻȻĲһ£˲佩ӲʯͷһֺͽŶԼˡ
飬鳤
ɵĺһ
ΪܶЩˣܱϷŪԼˣɵͷһȴܿԼǰ˳Ľë΢΢ʹţ۽Ϊⷺŵķɫϵͱɿ壬˵Ļʱ˵ˡ
ţ
죬΢΢ƶ½ëƺǾеˣæʦͨİܱͰãȻܵĽűΪӡ
ԺĿһ˫ԼĦһ̧ͷöһԼϲЦֹȥ󼾳Ƶͷ
ô֪ģ
ȫ˵ܻΪڶԼǰӺбԼĶǵ§ϼĲӣָһһĺ󾱡
ҡ
ƵܶϵȶȾûȥ΢΢ߣС˵Ҽһֱûг㡭
ʲô
ûѻ˵ֹܾ꣬סϵĽᣬʹ̧ͷԼ۾ĵ
ǲ
ǲǡ
ƮƮ˵֣ǵͨ죬Ͻҡͷϡ
ûûҪֹܱϵ
ǣ
΢΢۽ǣϴ΢ĺΣͷƳһۼƤϵ֡
ʲô

֪ܴʱļѾϵˣϽʶİƿ߸ߵľʾס
ңʲôûֻ㴩ϡ
Ҫ
ֵܳĲȣ˵־ҪȥԼƤҪѵġ
𣡡Ͻ˹ȥס֣ܵź͵ҡҡͷ
ǰʲô׻ѵģԲܱ˴ƫˡ
ôˣܿǰźͼƵսһĶͷѵڲ𣿡
׵Դʱ·һڵϡ

ܱɵɵӶ̲סЦֳקǰЦ΢
ڲĻǾ͸ϽȥɣҪ
ءģ
ſڵϣͷǰˡ
ؼҰ
Ȼѿڶ
ҪѵĻǾԲģκܿǰֻϲرǶԷҲͦӡ
ãؼңؼҰɡ
ΪڲϷŪԼˣ׼ӵϽܻȥ
֪ܵȴ˳»䣬ĳ΢΢ǣͻȻ̧һȣƤЬĲȼ䡣
ЬײŽװ㣬ѹȵĴб
͵һ٣˲佩ֱ壬Ҷ
ôˣ
գգ޹۾ܣǰһݺݵĲȥ
ʵܱҲûͷǰġֻһ㡣
İɡ
һûܵ˼һԥܾ²һ㡣
ᣬġ
Ȼµģһ΢΢ü͸ϽԹԵĵͷӦ
ǿһȥɡ
ЦЦڼһ£ȻƵģȦסĲӲ֡
Ҳû취ͬ´к˵ԼҪߣͷܴӺ뿪
ȥʱһ·϶ڸʻϣպ˵İ˯ѣֱɳϣܲŻ۾΢ǰˡ
ңȡ
Ҿˡ
׼ô˵ģɲŸտڣϴ𣿡ȴѾɳ۽ǴЦĿһ˵ţһȥĿӡ
ңҲϴ
Īоɣ̲סһ¡
ϴ
ܴɳϳӣԴббĿڿϣϷ΢죬ˮĿǰļ
ԭһ뻹תҪ뿪ļ˲ͱˣܵע£סܸղ΢Լȷϥϣѵϵӡ
С
Ľһ̧Ҳŵ˼ϥϡ
İһֻҲ
ȥԡҡ
Եĳſ֣վ뿿ȥ֪ץס죬Ƶڵ̺ϣȥ
Ҫȥϴ衭
ɵɵԼϷܣղŻһ̲ˮһôô
ָס˵죬һִֻӲ輸·һƿ͸Һ壬Ļζһ£սǰЦŵ
ͻȻãȳһȥϴȽϺá


03 
ͷʹ
͸ķ϶սڣܴԺṵ̈˵»˯һᡣ
þûб˯ˡ
ܱ۾˻Էͷģǹһ
ͻȻƺʶﲻԾ
ţôỹһˣ
ʲô
͵۾һŹɵڱһ˫Բ۾һգգԼ
ԼԼĶؼˡ
ȻȾ¡
Է֪Լĵַһϻ鷳ġ
ﰧһɱȴװһӣԷԴ׼ϽСܻܵȥ
Ͼ/˭ܲǵԷҪ̸ʱܾͻήˡ
ǺǰͱøҪ
˯úҡ
һ˵ţһÿԷڶǰͷһԼĽ׼򣬿ͻȻȴסˡ
㣬㳤úҲͬ¡
̲סְֻѶԷϸϸһ飬αװЦȴһĿȥ
ӦӦֻǳɡ
˰ֳɼȴץסܵƣĺһ鳤
飬鳤
ܲǰ˾ȻǼͷŬҪ쵽׷ʲô
Լôѹ˾˴ؼң˴
ɻûܰǵļƬδȴΪģͷǱĹƵģӴ
ܵע˲䱻˹ȥǱƿȻ
û·
ܸϽͷ˿Լ
ԼҲû·
Ӵվ
Һ˿ӡ
ĬĬ˿ƿһ
Լ/ȴʲôûд
һ뵽ԼղžȻ/Ļܾ꣬͸еԼԭͷʹˡ
ԣҺûзʲô
ΪʲôһҲ벻
ܿסԼҪĳ嶯ͼ˵ʲôȴѾ·ԹԵվڴߣִٲ͵Լ
ң˵࣬鳤𴲺ȵưɡ
˵꣬ûܻӦǴʲôµĹƵģϽ˳ȥ

̧֣뺰ס顱ɷȴѾ˴͵ıϵ
ʲô
Ҫȥ׷һ뵽Լȫ/㣬ְյ˻ȥ
⣬ʲô°
εһɣӣ桰ĴһֱϰŴӱ߷ߵ˳
ȥϰɣʲôεġ
ⲻǳ֮żһС
½ĵ˵ͷ׵Ժ󣬿ɵϴ׼ҪʱͻȻ𼾳ǰ˵ࡣ
Ǻȵȥϰɡ
е㲻θתͷ˳
ɰʢʱůġ
ܶŴڲ¡
ʲôʱడǺһѵ
һߺ࣬һʶš
ԡ
ͻȻʶһҪ顣
϶ˣ֮󣬲»صš
ǲ˵ԼǰһֱĬĬĿԼ
²Īһ¡
ֲԼһ۾Ͷ˫۾
Ǳ
Ժҵġ
΢΢ǣЦİȫȥ
׼ȥʱһ̧ۣȴɳȴһƿ͸Һ塣
ⲻƽڿԶʱ׼ı
߽ɳѵ̺ϵƿӼ
ô
ܸееɻƿӷŻز輸棬﷢Ļȴĸ˳
㲻ϴ𣿡
ȥԡҡ
ȳһȥϴ衣
İɡ
ܱԼļ侪òŪеƿӡ
û뵽Լ쾹Ȼ˼Ƶ˵ϡ
Ǻأ
浽׷ˣΪʲôԼһҲ벻ˡ
Ҫ컹ǲҪȥ˾˰ɡ
ܶɳԣͻȻҪˡ
лҪ˵



04 
ٵͷֻܵһһܻǴɳվճȥ˾ϰࡣ
ϾͼѾǳˣΪԼ鸺
ҾԼȥģԷûзֹԼǺҲ˫ĬΪˣӦòԼְɧŰɡ
ﰵĿǰ뵽ԼʱȫˬԼ
ֻǲ֪鵽׺òá
ԼôһҲǵˡ
ѵûȥˣ
΢΢ҧҧ촽ǿɾ̫˷ˡ
ҪԼһΣ
ϿĺܰӦҲܺðɡ
ʵֱ۰Լӵƫߵ´ļ
̲ס΢΢Ķһ£˼͵ҡҡͷһŲţֱ˾ķȥ
ڵ֮Ҫͼ˵ֻһʱĻ/䣬ܴʲô
Ͼռ֮ǰڹ˾ʱĿ׷ԼӣĺҪԼ
ȻƵ˾ԼԣǽʲôĻǷŹҰɡ
ܲɲȵͣڹ˾ĵ³⡣
ţ㼾۾ԼԼҲҪᶨľܾ
̹ȻĴӳݰ˹˾¥㡣
ʾֵı仯ϵﱾһ㵣ģɵ߽˾ĴźȴԼȴûƽһ
ԼɻĿȥԷԵıܿߣһ켾ĶԼ
ܸԱļվҪȥˮ䣬Ҫȥˮ䣬תͷս䡣

ܸоǶĹƵĺԼڹ˾׽Բء
ʲô
ѵֵúܲ
ô˵ѹĿҰ
һĪһӻٽ°ʱڻ̲סˡ
°𣿡
Ҫ°ʢߵ˾ſڣԶԶһ䡣
Ҫعλʰˡ
òӦʢ˰֣Ŀʢ뿪ֽŵĴ
֪鳤ûС
춼ûкúú鳤к
̾˿ɥԴ
ʵº󣬼ֻҪһɫ/ӣͺߵòҺܶӣߵߣĶͨͨٵͣ
ûҪ鳤Ϊֹϵȴǰ˳׵/
缾֪ôźãֻʶľѡ˶ܡ
Լϲ鳤˰ɣ
յץץͷһ뵽ԣϾͲԾЩ΢΢
鳤϶ϲԼɡ
ɥͼԼһ֮칫ҵķȥ
ɲŸվ¥ſڣ¥ȴͻȻƿһ˫ֳס죬ק˽ȥ

ݺƵǽϣײǽʹƺһһ̧ȴ΢üͷվǰ
飬鳤
һܵ۾˵ܿԼʧ̬Ӿ͸Ͻͷȥ
û뵽ԼѵˣȻԼѵô
ԽԽսץż֣ǰԼͷţʹ˵
췢£ǳˣӦöΪԼΪ𡣡
Ȼȣ㲻Ըȫ;ƿңʲôֵ֮ô𣿡
ǸңֲԿ
ǵģûᣡ
ȫԼΪ͵ҡҡͷҪ̧ͷ͡
ȴק°ͣĴ۾ֻСƵĿǰˡ
ʲô
΢΢ͷǰļǵûĲġ
Լˣ/ŪСҲӦɡ
ɶԷǵûгԣԼ
ᣬң
ҡǵһΡ
ۼԽԽֻǺϽ͡
ҿ㣬᲻˼
˵֤꣬ԼĻһ㣬ͨİͷȥ
~һΣ
˵ԼǵһΣ۽ǣͻȻȤ̧𼾳°ͣʹԼ۾
ǵһεĸоô
ܣܺá߲Ķš
ܸеܿԼܽ˵Ϣϡ
ǣϲ𣿡ܴյߣѹ
ϲϲǺӵĵ˵ͷ
żɵɵӣܺԼôһҲ벻ֻͣ˿̺ǸƬΡ
ôʵź̵ͦƨɣӦҲб
ԼôԹȫˡ
΢΢ۣͻȻָỮ죬
еǲ̫ˣҪҪ¡
ɻû˵꣬Ҳͬʱ֧֧Ŀ˿ڣʵûС
ʲô
ͣʡ
ȴϽ죬͵ҡҡͷûʲô
Ҳûм׷ʣյĴߣһǣЦŵ
ҪҪһϰһҵ
ϰԴӽǿʼ𣿡
ŵǰսһ㡣
Цŵͷҧסһǣ΢΢ż֡
лҪ˵



05 ܺѧ
ţһŬġ
۾ʹĵ˵ͷ
ͻȻеЦôԼ/ʱ¶ôı飬ֲҪ
еɵɵġ
ɵÿɰ
Ҳ֪ԼһˣĲӣͷȥ

ɴ۾˫ֽŵЩһȴ§סܵϸ
˴ݽȵϢĺֱһС
𽥼صĺڰ¥Եԭռλ/е򦱻ִֵĲͣŪɵ
㡭
΢΢ֿҪڣһ̧ȴǰ۾һ˲˲Լ
ôûб۾
ܱһʶס۾˳ưһơ
뿴ı顣
СΪԼͣܲƿֻ֣ܿİͷ
Уʲôÿġ
ĪЩĻţ˫޹۾һԼŵĴ
ÿ
ʵʵĻش
ϲܱ۾ӣ˳ĽëΪĲ̲סҪȥȡ
㡭
û뵽Ȼش𣬱ҭһ˵˰ŷԼż۾֣Ť
㲻˵Լûʲô
ܶϼڵ΢΢ߣʶԼ촽
˵ԼǵһΣɽǼȴôãҲ֪Ǻ˭ѧġ
ʱ֪ʲôֻ˾͸Ͻش
졭
˵ܸսԼġ
Ƶܲڼ̵ǣ̧𼾳°˵Ҫúý̻ʲôǴ֮ǡ

۽Ƿ΢΢ͷʪżȻ󻺻ſ촽żָ̽ԼĿС
˵ָ⣬ָĻȵ򦡣
΢ķߣǸʱͼסеķӦеĵط
ɼ£ûа˵ڣֻ˵ΪҺܺѧ
Ŷжѧ
ܵ˳żؽ󻬵ʣЦŵϼһ£
㲻Ҳٸϰһ¡
ܵĻû˵꣬죡ȴͻȻ͵ץסļ򣬰һ塣
ʲô
ܶһ£ûзӦһ̧ͷȴǺͰ͵죬츴ϰˡ

ܻԼˣץסʸɡ顱һ¥ű͵Ĺϣǰ˾ȻѾˡ
ʲô˼
⣬ͽˣ
ӽǿʼϰֲֻ㸴ϰǣ
һȰԼҪͱֲʲôͣԼѾˡ
תһ룬־е㲻ģϾͼĺ˺Ѳȥ浽׻ʲôζ
ֻڵҰɣ
һ뵽ȻҺԼֶʽϰûؼ·Ͼ߽ҿϺͼһ˯ıѣôô˳ۡ
ߵ̫ûʰھʹͷβȫһ顣
ȫȻ˸°ƣѵװףѳ쵽ֱмͿʼʰ
һƿӣЩסˡ
ӵôɢźüС飬Ǹֿζġ
һΪԼǰõģһͺţȻһsize
ѵǡ
ܸϽѱӺͷȫƿԼͷ²صС࣬Լ֮ǰõġ
ĳô
ԼеСȫó
ܿԼӴ۳Ѿ˺ӵϷ飬оץӸˡ
ϵ׷ʲô
һߵļڼβĿ̿ѧϰͼô֪ʶֲԼʵĿհס
лҪ˵



06 
ϴӿ﷢ֵּܼѾԼͼȹ˼һҹŲɣ˿ܴӿҴս˺üغϡ
ѵô
ɵСĴϣ۾ͼǰļ䡣
ǱۺǰһƬڰʲô벻
ʲôо
ƵĴӴϷ嶯óֻҪϢϹһ顣
һ뵽ȻҵԼַ߷ߵİֻԱһ˦վ´ϵı
һֻ嵱ն
Űɣ˭̲ס
ܶĻ˴ϴɽ
ڿ˯ˡ
չ˸ое⡣
ֻôߣһ˯϶ȡ
ֹȴܳʵľ˱ӣ˿ȥϵ˭˵Ļꡣ
֪鳤˯û
һ֪ʶļͣеıʣĴ˸Ƿ
һ뵽ԼŷҪԼ˯Ŀɰӣ˾
ûѧϰ֮ǰ֪ԭָͷܷôãҲ֪˵ϻôеĵش
űʼǣʵʱܸõ顣
ʱڱﰲ˯ܻ֪ЩıʼǶǼΪ׼ģڲ֮󹷹ͻУһһ鵽ϡ
Ȼ֪Σյܵڶ˸磬ĵѡ·ͷڳǰһˮ
ѾܾûôԴϰˣϾǰ˾ûһԵĶ󣬿ڲͬˣ칫һֻ
ȫӦս׼ճڼǰûпĶܣ˼ӭĻᣬɲܼô۰Ͱ͵ܶӵߡ
ʱ򲻿򼾳ķ򣬷ļʱԽ˼¼Ѿߵǰˣܶ治ɫĲ̧кһͬ¹
ء
ļίԴһֱǰΣĿȴûһϡ
ѵԼ鳤
ͷϣǸձѵĹƵģûл
۸ˡ
ʢų̵Ĺߵ̨ϣײײܵļ򣬳

ˣһ³ȦǣЦŵûа
㻹ûУ
ʢȼ̣ŤͷһּۣǸͷɥӣ̲ס˵ΪԼˡ
𣿡
ܼһڡ
ɱ۸ˡʢĵּһ䡣
ЦЦûнӻ̵ְָֻͰϣȻתŲǽ湴˹ָ

ʢ˳ܵĶϽתָղŻԴļָһ̴۾ϲߡ
ģ˸ùϵ
תͷĳʢЦһ£ʢѾλվ۽ǺЦ󲽵ĳ˹
β͵Ļʢʱһĵƴҡβ͡
ðɡ
ʢĬĬһ̣ҺеΪʲôҪ۸ˡ
Ǳ̫ˡʢܵļ硣
֪һú۰˵ġ
ܵĻ˵꣬Ѿߵ˵ǰ۾Ŀܡ
鳤㺰ң
šܵ˵ͷûȼʣѾֳסߡ
ڡ
ãǣ𡭡ӡ
ֻ
ܡ
ͷҲصӦ
ãõġûԹԣĸϽϡ
лҪ˵



07 Ҫѧȴ
קżһ·˵ͬ˵ݵ˼һǰһĽȻעȴĵ͵˹
żվ˵ǰ棬ʶͶ̽ĿЩԥҪҪɿ
Ÿһ̧ͷ߾͸ǰĵźļײһ
΢΢ʹźĴ۾񹷹ƵϸĶܵĺ󾱡
ܵĺÿƤ𪣬΢΢ʱһֻ߰졣
û뵽Լ쾹Ȼܺ鳤һڡ
ﰵԵĿţǰսһ㣬ŷĵ͵һǰܣû뵽˵ȴӡ
С˼ñץ˸š

ֵļ͵һ£ϽŵİƿƬ־Լʵ̫ԣֻûİͷ̧ɵɵЦһ£˿˵Ŀ⡣
û뵽ͦڵġ
͸ŵƳһۣеζԭ׼ɿȴյøˣźۼİѼԼһ¡
ʵһֻȮҲͦġ
ܿŵϵӳ˵ӰﾹȻһ⻭滹ͦгġ
˸߼վ󣬾Ҫ˶Լһ
᲻ڴҲ
ͷ΢ðһͷ΢΢ƶϼֱҵָϽҡҡͷ
У̫Ĳ
뱻ضĳ
ϡ
Ŵ򿪣ԹԵȥ
һûٳԼЩϰߵĵͷ˿ӦһϽ׷ܵȥʼպһľ룬Լǣǰߡ
š
ߵԼĳͣ£ת׹ȥһ
Ͻֽס̯ƷǳԿףǡ
ܼûӦŤͷָָǰĳӡ
ѵҸ㵱˾𣿡
õġԿ׿첽ƹͷ򿪳Žŵڡ
鳤Ҫȥģ
ȥֿϰȫһ˵һַͱ۾ʼϢ
ʵ˵Ǵȥڣʵֻ˾ʹ
˭ҵԼ
ӵĿĵغ˳ҲҪţæסڳúõš
ңҲȥ𣿡ЩɻָָԼ
šܿ϶ĵ˵ͷһ䡰žСתԼ߽˰칫¥
ں˾ͶԷ̸һ磬ռ˶ԷƷǩ¸ȵĶͬԷľһԶ
ϰԵľҪӦһ뵽¥»ڳԼļ뵽ǿ޹΢΢һԥЦòľܾˡ
´ҹ˾Է
һŻع˾ˡ
ˣ
ԷԻһ£Ѿ˵

͸ϵĵųԷ˰ֱ֣ȫϲӪҵ΢Ц΢΢ֹ
֪ôŲľͲֻˡ
Ŵ򿪣ܿ첽ֱ˹˾Ĵš
ԶԶĸŴŵĲܾͿɰѳͣʱλϣһҲûŲƵġ
һֱڳϰɡ
ܼ״ɵּӿ˲
ΪԼѼ¥ôãܻеЩȻҲҪ׽Ū
û뵽ǣӴ¥ǵûһʱǵȴ˻ؼҵĹƵĴӳһë޵Դ۾Լ
顭죬ƺ뺰ʶϲԣֿ̧ĵĳܻ֣ƻ򿪳Ŵӳ
һҪ³ӭԼϽ첽ǰýŵסţ΢΢򿪵ĳŹ˻ȥ
鳤ۼű¹ϣͷɻĶܡ
ܱĹ飬ƮƿߣŤˣҲҪϳˡ
š͵ĵ˵ͷϳֹĵ繤˳˳˵Ѿǩ¸ȵĺͬ˲Ͷ㽵Ŀ⡣
鳤
ܱЩڣǼôϣĪЩҶӡ
ôôɵˣڳһ磬ȴΪ˿ġ
϶Ϊ̫ˣ׽ŪŻôû˼ԼеЩΡ
ƵĽ˳˳˳Ƿ˿ڴûҵʢʱԼĴ˳ˡ
鳤ôˣһƵӣɵתͷ
Ǳûд
ܼǵԼڳϷһõġأ
ҵˡӴóһɵɵݸܣɸʶԣϽŴչȥΪ̡ܵ
̫
΢΢Ƴ˼һ̵ּۣݵߣбȥͷս
˻绺ȼ̲ݣ˿úܽüŵܶˮζ
΢΢ŵᶶһ¡
𶯡ͳżֱס硣
ĵѭͷȥĽǶܴܿ۾΢̵ĽëǺ΢ŵ촽㱼뵽ǸǣŨңִһ̲ݵĿζ
ôһֱңע⵽ߣ΢΢ЦЦĿ򼾳
ͻȻͷ͵һҵתߣԣԲ𡣡
Ŷˡ
ĪеЩģԭ׽Ū˼
ΪʲôҪǸְѼת³
ȡûзļǺһ£Ŷ䣬ִٵĲ֪Ǻá
һ㶼˻²ŵǸİɡЦִսһЩ
ҡоԼ޴ɶ㡣
ѵܿԽԽļһ̣Ĵߡ
ѵ𣿡
лҪ˵



08 ̫ݹ
ҡ
˵Լʵ뷨Ҳڶѣֻ֧֧㡣
Ÿһ㣬һ֣ק˻
ʲô
ǴЦѹõͳ촽ջ°ͣͣĺϣ·һͻʪ
飬鳤
ʲôûɼȴоĪʵ¿ˮ͹ĺ֮¹һ¡
ôˣ
ܿżĺᣬȥһ£ټϷ䣬ȴ͵ƺһ
ԭӺа
ǣ˵㻵˼΢΢ҪȥĺᣬɲŸմսһ㣬ȴһץס͵һߡ
£
΢΢̧ⶺҲҶʲôľٶǶ۵˲䣬ȻǰֻЩһˡ
롣
ƵӦһûӦѾѹĳϣǿƵ
ȡһ¡
Ҫƿһֻϼ̣̻ڳϣֻƴľš
̡̻Ҫ
˴ͣŪ򦡣
ܱǵûڿеĴȼ̻ҡҡλΣڻǵ䵽λ¡
̡
ȼβָܵȶȲɵ΢һ¡
΢΢һ٣ƳҪȼ̣ķſܵĴֽӹ̵ָٴӳ˳ȥ

ֿ̱Ŀųţ۽Ƿˮ⣬ϢȵĻ
û뵽ȻǿƵһ档
ƽĹɶװİɡ
ǵƼļԼû뵽Ȼͷֻ˵ĴȮƵķļϣִֵĲӡ
еĺᱻʪ£̲ס߳
Ϸģû뵽ȴԼϡ
ֵıܸеЩͣ΢΢ƫͷ㣬ɼĴִֹܿ
̫ˡ
ֵ̧ڼؿڣƿ΢΢һȴװе
ʮ߰ĸ𣬾ȻֻǽǾ˷Ӧ
ܵͷԼϵԴװЩʵãϾΪеķӦ

Цź˼֣ƵͷһȵϥȴͻȻ̧ߣȼ䣬ʵ
ô£
ΪʲôԾͱ
һţһ߹ϥ///
ҡ
ȼѹȸüһӽֱ֫ոҳߵǷ·Ҳ
һ뵽Լֱܲӵ/Էĵ˳˲ǵͨ죬һֱӵ˺󾱡
׼𣿡
ܴսĲĴ˿

о󾱵ëսһ£·һ
ɾڼʱ˫ְסļϥѹ֮䣬͵ǰһƣѹ¡
顱
ļײڳϷ΢졣
оǰתٿǰľʱֳܵĶߣЦЦ΢΢һƳƺڴĳ
ԣԲ𡣡
ʶҪȥڵϥѹȼ䣬û취ء
ΪʲôǸ
˵ţϥƽһ㣬ѵˣ
ûûˡ
еѹˣıѾ˳ϣֻͷǰܡ
ܵͷƳһĳʵķӦƺ뵽ʲô˼£ջϥʻϣĿڡ
ȻˣǾͻع˾ɡ
֣𣿡
ȻأųƳ°תͷ£ѵڲܿ𣿡
ҡ
˲Ȼһ߲һ£ԥ֮ܵĿ΢ĵ˵ͷ
ɣԡ
ȥ·ϣоԼÿһÿһ붼尾һԼ侲һҪܳ//ߵϷ
ڰѳ˹˾ȫƽ
ܳô
һص칫ңĵʢܵԱ˶ȥʲôˡ
֪Ϊʲôܾܻܿͷ۸
ûй׽Ū㰡
鳤
˵ô۸ءܵʹ˹
ѹڳǿǵҺðɡ
ﰵ˵ȴЦʢȤҶ˵ˣһú۰˵ġ
ǰɡ
šͻȻ㵽ļ΢΢һ㶣Ͻ˵ͷ飬鳤ܺã̻Һܶࡣ
𣿡
ʢЩ⣬ѵԼڵˣ
Ƕʲôʢһ䡣
̣ˡ˵㣬һ뵽ԼڳϷ£ɵϷȣ֧֧ı಻
ܺáܿżߵӣûͷûԵĽһ䡣
ӦԺ𣿡ʢܾеֵֹġ
ţܵĻҲתͷɻĿ˹
ͦõİɡܵƳһۡ
뵽Լһ·϶
ԭð
ɵɵӦɶȴ˲øˡ
лҪ˵



09 ܺ͹
˵ʲô
ʢоԼͷβվͻȻ侹Ȼһ仰Ҳˡ
ܺͼγһԼС磬档
㲻𡣡
ܳʢµʼ磬͡
˵
ʢڲʲô̰Ŀתλϵļ
ɵĹӦǲѵġ
Ÿյͷļļ͸еЩԾ
ôô찡
У𣿡
ʵһ㶣ŵͷȥ
ע⵽ܾվԼߣֲľ΢΢תͷ˹ȥĴ۾ģǲ֪ĹҪѰ˵İ
ԲΧ΢΢Цһ£һ䡰һбҪд뿪ˡ
ˣ
ʢĺûеõ㣬סܣһͷȴּȻѧתͷԵװҪ湤
ʢ磬Ҳæˡ
١ʢһĶ˵ҪҲ׷ʲôֻ߻ԼĹλ¡
ô˲ųȥһ磬͸ое㱻ء
ǲǲһ鰡
ʢԵĳһۣ˶ڵǰ棬ͻȻоԼ̫ˣĬĬתʼĹ
ɴʱļȻ۾ֱֱĶŵ棬ȴһԺгĻڳǸǡ
/΢۾ë΢ĲţڵЩɢңһֻĵļ̣һֻȴ˳Ĳϡ

СĳڷѣǱŴǧ򱶣˵ıϢ֮䡣
ƽĿסָܵڲĻ£һ뵵ӡǡ
ԸƷǵ̲ݵĿζòҪࡣ
ڱֹ֮ǰ볶ܵ⿪¿ۣĲྱֻԼӡǡ
УУԼôܶ鳤¡
عϽ͵ҡҡͷ
Լᱻ鳤ˡ
°ʱһҪ鳤úõǸ
ǸһҪʲô鳤
˾°ſֱܵķĵĵ°ࡣ
ʣµĹʵˣӺ˾ռһ¾ʰҪˡ
ԼһλվԶĳӰҲ֮վ
ܺĻͷһۣǼµİͷת˻
Ҳû°
ڵҰɡ
ԹԵ˾ȥּæ
ڵҰ
úЦ˽ŲżƫƫֻĬĬĸ档
ˡ
ܲˣ첽߽ݣ˹żԼȥ
ȣһ¡ɼָϽֵסݣӼ˽
飬鳤
ܵ˵ͷ޹ĹֱֱĶܡ
šװӦһΪҪˡ
ѵҪԼһΣ
ڻ̲ס˰ɡ
ﰵ͵Цɼ˵Ǿ仰ȴֻĬĬվ΢΢Դһģ
ҾͲöڴ
ĪĸеЩˬְһ¥ְ˸һﲻϸԼͱ˴һ⣬ûһġ
ǵȵݵһ¥󣬼ȴûȥ
㲻
ܸļôµݣһҲѾˡ
ˡ
죬ĬĬıϣȥɣҪؼˡ
ͷҲص߳ݣû߼ּҲ˹

ѾȫûԼȤҲûá
Լӿ˲ļȻҲ˲ӡ
㡭
͵ͣסŲתʼԼֲ˵ʲôļûԤежֱͦͦ˹ܱӵĻ
ؼȻֽʵֽ¡
ڼĻ΢΢һ룬ͺİǰֻƿ
һֱҸʲô
ҡ鳤Ǹҿܡ
ͷϵĿܡ
ԼӦô嶯鲻Խ
Ļû˵꣬ȴ΢΢ƫߣ䵭˵
ֺҵĻͲҪ˵һЩҲĻ
ҡ
΢΢һ٣ĻͻȻͿסˡ
˵ľֻЩҪˡ
첻֨ﰵ̾˿
ΪҪԼأû뵽˵Щ˷˸顣
׼Ҫߣɸһתȴס
ңΪ鳤ʲô
΢Ŷ䣬ŵ˵šǸ⡣
ûʲô
˵ûʲôҪģһֱֱԼ̲סЩҡ
ٸһλᡣ
ָܳڳ˴/ͳʲôҪˡ
Ϊʲôأ
ܾԼѾ˵ùˣͲѼӲˡ
û뵽˼һº󣬾ȻָסָܵգգĴ۾Сʣܵ𣿡
ϾԼûʵ飬/ʤβˡ
лҪ˵



10 ֤

ôҲû뵽ȻѡУѡȫ޷һ
Ȼƽǻһֻ˲ܣٲӦá
һ˵һȫٹһδ𣿣
ͻȻԼһ㻳ɡ
ܳûӦΪܲҪͷǰŲһָܵ˻Σ˵
һġ
΢΢һ£ĬĬԼ֡
˵ǻֻռؼҹ/ģ֪ôģȻȫ·
㻹ǡ
ȻǾ͸ظҰɡ
ܰ˰֣򷢼ȥɻ˵һ룬һ̧ͷȴ˼˫޹Ĵ۾
𣿡
Сһ䣬ԴҲɥĴôߵĸڿȴģǱСһ
㡭
һĪ˵˵Ļһ£תŤʵж

⻰һ̰ͷ̧۾ĿܣǴЦĸϽش
鳤˵ĻҶ
ģ
ܲûа⻰棬ǱϷ̬ȣĳϣ򼾳Լ֡
û뵽̰ͷս˹񹷹Ƶİ°Ϳܵϣ΢۾ǵĲ˲ܵġ
ù԰ĺһֻȮ
оģ̲סȥͷ΢ͷġ

ǲįĶӵѾܾûȥĳˣһʱ侹ͣ֡
ҵͷ𣿡Цһ䡣
ܵ͵һ٣ϼ۾ȻʶԼʲôϽ˻
һɡɵİͷս
ԴʱǺᣬĪоġ
ˡİֲص
оЩ΢΢ȣǸʲô±ץסһŵתҪߡ
鳤
ɼת֮ǰۼֿס½ǡ
Ҫȥˡܵͷ΢΢һۡ
ҡԥŶ˶٣ɿ֡
׼ҡ
תҪԼĳȥֲĵתͷһ䡣
š
ջԼҪĲӣĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ˣһлص죬Ļȥ˯
죬󲽳ԼĳλȥԽԽЩġ
Ӧȥ˰ɣôһ㶯Ҳû
ܱȥܣɵߵԵʱ̲סͷһۡ
ҾͿǲǻȥˡ
û뵽һͷȻվԭ̸ĵطһû۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ
ңֲǽվԭر𶯡
Ťͷȥţ㵱ԼûֶڳŰˣ޶ԡ
ôôˣ
һ͵İѳ˦ϣת󲽵ĳȥ
վԭأϳٻȥġ
ȻûΪʲôüЩⲻȥǼҲԼôҲܾܣġ
ɼۼҪϳˣͻȻְѳ˦ϣֱֱĳԼ˹
鳤ôˣΪʲôͻȻ
߽ˣŷܳƺƵΪʲôɻû˵͸оһ͵ǰһק
⼸춼ϰˣֻһЩر
ߡ
Ҳ˵ʲôżͳԼĳλȥ

һʱ仹ûӦԴһ£Ųȴ˿ûͣ
㣬㲻Ҫҵĳ𣿡
˵ЩŢ̌ͷȥƺ΢΢˶䡣
鳤е졣
ֱ׵˵Լģÿɰ˵ŻȥһܵĶ䣬ɲŸֻûӡ
鳤Ҫˡȴ˲ս
߿㡣
ܳװЩͷӣȴڰգԼΪʲôͻȻԴһȾֻ
š
ļЩȻֻ֪Цǰһ㣬ľ룬΢΢ͷͿǵܵĺ󾱡
Ŀȥ鳤ϹȻһɺŵζ
ŵøУѾͣ½Ųϳ
ڿȥ·ϣһֱԼʲô
ʲôҲ̫ˡ
Լûᷢչ
ҪֱͼؼҰɡ
ܳźưѳͣ£תͷͼԼˣû뵽Ҳתͷ۾·ƵӳģƺлҪ˵
ܺһ˯𣿡ڴܡ
ܱʵһ㶣͵ҡҡͷС
ʹ/鶼һ˯˵/鶼ˡ
ΪʲôƺЩɥ㻹˵Ҫ˱˯
ߣ㻹һֱңһҪұ㣬㻹˵
ⶼʲôʲô
ͷƤ飬Ͻס졣
Լʲôʱ˵ֻ
ϵ׷˶Լ֪°
΢΢۾üʧ䡣
𣿡
ģͣĿܣһ顣
Сܼܾ
лҪ˵



11 Ҫһ˯
ء
˵УЩɥĴ۾ǡ죬ȡһ¡
˵ˡ
̬ȼ̴

ЩίȻ˵Ǿֱж
ϾϿ̿ѧϰôʼҲǰġ
ܶĿ˼ۣĹԹˣתͷ׼ջ
ûƿĪĸоеʪʲôȵĶԼġ
΢΢һϽתͷȥּ۾Լġ
㡭
ܻҵֳɼȴһס̧۾ͷƹָ죬Ц˵һ䡣
鳤̵ˡ

ܸϽתͷһźŵѾˡ
Ϊͣųһֱûĳ̲סȴߴ١
ûа취ֻܸϽһְֻѿط̣һֱֻץΪΪ
ȻƽĹɶװİɡ
һ߿ųһ߷߷ߵ⿴˼һۡ
֪ҲڿӣЦ۽ǣǹܿһ㣬İָ˿С
˵ĿǻȣͷʪĹסָģʲôΪһ
ܱòЩǿװ򶨵İѳСĵͣ⡣
һͣȣͽ⿪ȫĿӣԼµָմŵҺĨڼĲྱϡ
޳ָĻ˲ȵƤ˳źỺ¹סᡣ

ĲӱУһ̲סߣܻҪȥϽסܵ˫֡
ţ΢΢һ٣ΪںȤ֣΢΢Цһ¡
Ȼҹ/
ĪЩ⣬Цǰսһ㣬Ǽ⼸Ҫıӡ
//𣿡

ʵһȣ֪Ϊʲôô룬ҪϣȴѾǰ۾΢΢һƳЦ˵
ҲǺóǽһǺġ
˵ţܵͷսȼ䣬Ҫȥ
飬鳤
ȴҵĸϽɿܵ󣬷ļ򣬰
ţЩɻ򼾳ȴŲŵıߡ
Ŷ˰
ܾȤ̲סȥת°ͣЦʡ
ڳ𣿡
תͷȴĶ΢΢źϵ촽
ղܸȥʱƲסĻﱻӣһ˷Ӧ
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ڵĿռ̫СֿôͨͨĿͣ
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˵¥Ҳû͸Ͻ˵ͷ
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촽ûϣȴ΢΢Ͱ͵˵
죬Լ⡣
鳤Ҫϴ𣿡
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ܿżƺ¶ӣԭڳԡﰡ
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Ϊ˵ϴԡܵʪģ໥/Ȼ󺨳Ĵ//һ
û뵽ԡҺ󣬸˸⣬ȻȻɽԡ
ԭϴ谡
ҰؼҲҪϴ谡
ܾòԣҪԡɼȴֻ۾ǰ棬ѵ
鳤Ҫˮˣһ۾
š
һҪϴͷϵĭˣܸҪְĵ˻ȥ
ˣϴɣȷʵͦġ
ԡ裬ϴͷְĦһģһָͷ붯ԡҪ
鳤վס𣿡
ܱңվãԼ塣
ǼŸհܷ£ܾббϵĹϲ
źòãʵ
š
ܱ۾ë΢΢һ£èƵһ
ÿɰڴ£ԼĻ塣
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Ҳ˵˽Ҫһ˯𣿡
С̫ˡȻǵԼԭȥƼ
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ԡ
۾ﻹڲס죬ôֻСˡ
ġ
Цսֱۣ˴ӽı
һҲռط


12 ׺
һ˯úܺãůľǱһů¯
˯һᡣ
Ժ̧ȼסߵů¯øһЩ
ɶԷͷе
ǹ
ԡǵԷԴĵİѶԷԼﱧ
ͻȻ䣬ʶﲻԡ
ʲôʱ˹
ܶʱȫ͵ۣһԴԼߣԼˣ۾ˬʵЦ
鳤˰
ȣһ¡
ǰľһ˲ķ㶡
ôеʶ
ܸϽӵͷ˿Լ
ΪʲôԼ/㰡
ܽŵı۾ʼ췢ʲô
켾˵ҪԼĳԼ˼ңȻ󼾳Լϴ裬˾һ˯˾
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Ӧûзʲôɡ
óۺ˵ԼǸ˻ǲˡ
ռؼ/ģû뵽ȻԼϴ˸裬ŶԷ˯һ
ԼѾþûкͱôͬһŴ˰ɡ
ڱڸпɼȴƿ˱ҪӴϱ
㣬
һ뵽ԼʲôûϽıűӡ
Ұ鳤·
һĻش˵ŻָָԼϵ·
컹鳤·𣿡
ţѭ̧ͷſϴľӼҷ
ԭɵľӼҷڼϿӶһز˵¶˿ʵųŵý
㲻Ѿʡ
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ܲ濪Լϣ󱳿Լǰأһֻ̧ܵһȣһֹֻܵڿ㣬ĴܵĽżﴩ
㣬ſҡ
Լ
ܸо̫߳ˣ˻ϵ¿˸⣬յҪӼѳȥ
·ܿġ
ֱεİڻѡ
Լ졣
ܱŤĲϺúô·ֱڵذϣôӼվ
𡭡
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뵽ԼղŵľٶܾЩ˼ҪͷȲҪҡȴס۾

͸ָƳǺŶ䣬ߵǿһ
ôô\鰡
΢΢ǣʼҪҪȥһ䣬ɻָĳˣҪҪҰæ
Ȼ˵仰֮󣬼˲ñ֮ǰҪ졣
͵͵żյıȤԼͼͬ˯һŴ˻ûмʵʲôֹȥ˳Ϊһ¡
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鳤
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ãҲ
ܸϽֱʾԼˣڡ
ܵĻû˵꣬ͻȻоһͷĿļϡ
ҿһᣬһͺˡ
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֮ǰܵĽӴҲ᲻˼ΪʲôڼֻǰͷԼϣԼȴ΢
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ܲ룬üſһᡣ
ȼƽ֮˲Ż·ȥ˹˾
ϡͿһƺ϶Լݣʱʱľͻᵽܵļ˯ĩɨ
ʱչˣůһʼеʮ⣬ľͲôˡ
չˣȴͣҵˡ
ԴӼʼ֮ѾܳʱûѰˡ
һʱ̱ŷǿżǵҲʵ˵ԼҪȥԼ˿ֻ

ܱűӣĿڴߡ
Ȼ˱Լ˯ȷʵ˯ǰ˶͸ˡ
Ųɵеûͳ⺰һ
ڸʲô
·
ԶԶӦһһŲһë޵Դźð˳
ʲô𣿡
ҡ
ܿż۾ǵС˼ʱӰ٣ֻǳ֡
ţҪʲô˹
ӵһЩڴͷż
𣿡
һֻɰĴȮ
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ܸպԼɺͽ⣬ȴͻȻŶһգ֧֧˵ҪҪ˯𣿡
ҪջҸղ˵Ļ
ǣһȻǺԵ
лҪ˵



13 ѧ˯Ҫ
ʱ仹硣
ЦӦ˳żͷĸĺ󾱣ָĶ䡣
е
ߵӣ̷΢΢ĳ졣
ôð
ɬķӦۿٱ鶼Ȥ΢΢սҧĶ䡣
ֻо𣿡
˵Ц⣬΢΢죬һҪѼϴ
Ѿʮһˡ
ɼȴĵͷȥóֻĿʱ䣬ôܴǰǡ
ϻҪϰ࣬ʱӦҪ
ʱӦҪҰɡ
΢΢סǿӲתԼ
ţ
Ķܿһᣬٶ۵ʵ鳤˯𣿡
ǰо˯ţǡ
§סĲӣһ
Сġ
ҲȥѹܣϽֳڴϡ
˵ܶݵĶһ£ë΢̧۾ԼϷļ
ֳֻ࣬ͷļס컨ϵĵƹ⡣
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˯ǰ˶ɡ
ܶżĺᣬЦŰѸղŵĻ˵꣬ûԾѼԼǡ
ܻûüжȴһץסֻ֣ȻñʵʵĹ
ܲһʲôŤͷȥԱߵˡ
˶ˣ
˯ǰ˶ܻᵼߣ٣˯ߡ
鳤˯ŵĻҿ֮ǰһ鳤
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ţ
ͣڼϴֵ̧֣ͷʢһۣɻüûа

ʢλķʹ˸ɫ
ڶѾ°ĵˣɼûܸŵĹ
˵ᡣ
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˵Ǹͬ
ܴԼĴ˺üԼ˲˲٣°Ҳżȥ
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ܸջ뵽ؼڣӡͻȻ̶
ܱȻŴӡСֹôͻȻͣסˣ
Ӧúûϵɡ
ĬĬջߣûôء


14 Ľ
ԣʲôزء
Ҷûȥء
ܸϽɢԺеĺ˼룬վڴӡǰ棬ЩλվǰҪæ
Ҿ룬ôɴӡͻ˰ɡ
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ţõġͷļϽõһߡ
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Ҳ˰ɡ
ҪҪ
˵ϢȵķܵĶࡣ
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ҪҪʲô
տİ칫ңįˡ
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ܸоԼ·ƭˣתͷ߷ߵĿ˼һۡ
Ϊ㣬ҪȻ°ˡ
ӡûֽˣЩֽȥ
ûϷֽĳ룬תҪߡ
ʱȴǰһ˫ӡһţԼʹӡм䡣
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ת⧲ĺͼĿԣƺһġ
롭
΢΢۾ɬ촽ⲻЩ΢΢졣
úֻܽҪ΢΢ǰһͿܵıǼ⣬촽ҧĺᡣ
Ҫܻͣ᲻ϲ顣
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żɬķӦҲɵĸŽ
Լǿڴģ
Ͼͻᱻʵֱ۱ӡϣȻҵǽϸૺͺصڿյİ칫
̲סĻ˽ᷢһУĿеĶǰļɼȴֻǺӡĹĳһհ׵A4ֽ
룬һЩֽװӡõܣ˵ʱ򻹲ӡֽĳ롣
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ð˴ʺţ֪ܶԱʲôڴ
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ת˲䣬΢΢ķ磬˺ͬһҳ
ᱡֽƮƮתת䵽ܵĽűߡ
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ˡ
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鳤ȥɡ

˵ִ꣬˾һ㣬̧ͷͦأŲĳȥ
żԽԽСıӰͻȻ³סˡʱڴֻͻȻһ¡
óֻһǸղԼĶĵַ
ֻĻϵһţͻȻûɵһꡣ
Ҫ
ܿٻظһ䡰ҲȥˡȻ˶Է
лҪ˵
ôЦҡβͣأõĹ


15 ͻװ

ֻصһ
Լ⾿ڸʲô
߰ѸϼȥǱ־ܾԼ
֪§Сؼҵ˯ء
ֱ뺰͸ԵĺӾȴѾ߽˵
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ܵͷһѾĻ̧Ҫ΢΢һ٣ǰֻӵ˸ʻϡ
ڸ绰ֻҪţ϶ͻ˳ܻգź۾ЦϳԼؼңκԵɡ
ҲǼԼܸ֪ʱô˫۾
ǻؼҰɡ
ܲ˼̫ͼĹϵ˷Ͽȥ
ӿ쿪԰ſڵʱܿһϤӰ·ǰĹսǴ߹

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ܿŶʶŬóרҵ̬ȡ
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ѵܵĶ棬鳤ȴĬĬΪԱߵλӡ
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˫ȺҪ̶ͨϸкܶ࣬гϢʱվҪߣûü
ܣȥҲҪȥѵȴѾӻ˹
ܸеЩͷۣ˫ͬڳҲñֳֻܺͼ˼䣬ͺͺѵһ˳ȥ
ֲ̣Ҹʲô
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찡
һӻҳѵûΣҪܱһƵԱߡ
ǰھưɺȾƵʱôûҲһа
̴ܼյһڣ³
ôǲǺܾϲѵƿҲû·Ԥϵ
ǾϲǾšûĻص
ʲôѵ۾ЦͻȻӦѵ㻹ûְ񣿡
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˰ѵ˵ϡƽ
ܱǺһ¡
ѹָղŮͬԼͺѵǻĪЦ⣬ʲô
ͻȻеͷʹˣɲ뱻ְ񰡣㿪ͺѵȥɡ
ǻء
̣׼̵ٰ𣬿ɻŸ˵һ롣
ѵȴĴԵ˵жʱûȥưˣ̸˰ɡ
˭˵ġ
ܾЩЦͣסϵĶתͷѵ㲻֪ҵ׼
̸ǰɡ
ѵǰһִܵļ򣬡Ϊʲô̸ѵΪǼ¡
ѵ˵ȴְ̧ʣµβ
ϻˣϽȥ
ȣһ¡ѵӽͰסֱۣܵϿ
Ҳû飬칤ϡѵ˸ۡ
ܳԼֱۣźѵεЦһ¡
ֲǲ֪ͺŲ䣬ͱˡ
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㲻ô֪
ѵָǰҲԿ
ôô˺ѵŰ01أ
ܾüֺЦȷʵܾûһȾˣҪϾһȸưɡ
ϡ
ܻû˵꣬顱ҵȴͻȻ˴͵ƿ
鳤Ǹüˡ
߽˵
лҪ˵
ͻȻ뵽ԺӦǻż˯ʱԸͰɡ
ҹԼڱʹã


16 Ҳ
á
ܱһ£ɫһ㣬ͺѵ˰벽ľ롣
Ǿͻȥɡ
ܶźѵְҵЦһ£תҪſȥ
ٵȻᡣ
ɺѵȴְסװ׵һǣվԭû
ܸо˲;ĳ˹

ܶżҪһߣתͷСĺѵ
ٴò׳㣬һôȥ
ѵ˻ܵ½ͼ
ס̲סһƤ񣬸ϽԼ·˻
Ǽ
ܻعͷЩĿǰļ΢΢ߣȻȥɣʮӺټᡣ
˵ƺվûɵĳһۣŷּվſڶĿԼƽ޹ĪһίͣƬ̺ǰĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ȡ
˵żתҵš
õȣȻػҡ
ܸеЩ˼üȻȥɻû˵꣬Ѿ˳ȥ
ҳ𣿡
ߺ󣬺ѵϽյܵĸţָԼСʡ
ôоղſҵر䵭ҵĴ𣿡
ĴɡЩĲɵӦ
ղżųȥıӰ뵽ͣʱͷЩɥӡ
еˡ
Ҹղš
ѵҪԼĸоˣǿ˿⣬ֿ˿ܣͻȻᵽʲôƵģֳܸռָ̣Եʵ
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ܱʵһҭһ£Щķϡ
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Ȼȷʵ˯һΣʲôǵˡĬĬΪԼѡ
ţѵ΢΢۾սܵıǼ⣬һ飬ģ
ġܿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
ΪѾƪʱ򣬺ѵȴͻȻЦһ£ܴյĶСʵҿҪ΢𣿡
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ܸϽֹǹ˾ںڣǲҸְϵ
˸ɣΪ˴ѵͷּ˵ղŲǻ˵䵭ô֡
ܵĻû˵꣬ѵ廰Ҿϲֶ䵭͡
㿴ģؼôʵǣƨɻộڴϿ϶
ҲС
ܸϽϺѵԼĻ룬ȻԼԼҲá
Ͳ˵Ը񡣡
Ը񣿡ѵʡ
˵ֱճˣرװ˻ȥ
㲻Ҹְϵ
ǺͿˣ
֪ܲѵĻôתô죬Щε㶼֪ȡ򡣡
ִԱ𣿡
ѵνʼ磬ֻ˸ƣҵļӦǲ䡭
ʱ䵽ˣǸϽȥɡ
ۼѾʼƫ죬뵽ţϽסѵ죬ſȥ
㲻ҡԼͬ¡
ѵ죬ڳݲĿš
ļϽСȰ
㣬ȥȾơ
ԭ㡱ֵʱ򣬺ѵ۾΢΢һ£Ƿ־ȻֻǺȾƵʱ򣬱ֱԭ
ֻǺȾƣ
ѵƿܵһ䡣
ֻǺȾơʵʵص
ðɡѵȻ⵫Ҳܽܣٽˡ
ۼѵٰעڼˣһҵš
鳤
һתͷ۾ֱֱĿܡ
ȥɡ
Ϊղźѵ˼ģڻЩ˼ȥֻܿǰ棬ֱȥ
ܶԼһۣ΢΢ͷЩɥҪϣȴѵҲ˳
칫ﲻ̡
ͣסŲܺͺѵм䣬סȥ·

ѵµһ㶣ͷһԼϻŸղŴ̡
ܵģҸղš
ѵ̧ͷҪͣһԼĲˣ΢΢Цһ¡
áܰұһ𣿡
ѵüûӦֽ̧̲ǰĿڴ˵ԼߵʱãܷûһͷȻѵںͼ顣
Ȼһ᲻סͲС
㣬Ҫˡ
ܸϽ߹Ѻѵߣһߣһ߻ͷԼ˵ˣҪˡ
š
˵ͷ߽˻ңóڳڴǸ̡
ѵ˵̡ܵ
ָ̼ģһܳʱӣְСĵķŵ¿ڴȻ첽ȥ
ͷ͵Ļʱһͷ۽Ҫдæòɿһȴڿ԰Ѻѵˡ
Ǿˡ
ѵڹ˾ſڸû߼ͻȻعͷ˵ˣˣǡ
´ټ
±ϽѺѵƽ˵òİ˰֣һתȴվ
ȥɡ
ļļ硣
šƵӦһ˾ȥ
ΪῪˣһܹһˣû뵽ԴӺѵ뿪󣬼ͺñϻҪŤһ㣬ǰĿ׷Լ
ԼĹɣȴԼЦˣʲôίе˼
ѵʲô
ܱӰʱúðһ¹ǺѵϢȴһֱϵĴߴٹ
°ɡ
ʰ˶׼ٻؼҸϹǴ򿪳Ÿʻĳȴһ
Ŵһ˽
ҵ
ܿż΢΢ӣÿɰȥ˵ͷ
Ҫ°𣿡
ųǰһ䡣
ǰûвʲôԾͷ׼۰ȫ
ôˣҪؼ𣿡
Цһ䣬ΪڲֱŤˡ
û뵽΢΢ǣͻȻ˹ֳס˳ϡ
ҪȥҪ𣿡
ͷǰͷסߡ
㶼ˣƺ˼һֱֱŤԭ
ûش̧𼾳ŷֿСȻһί
˵أͻȻ˵㻵˼Ϊܻ
û뵽ĿͻȻְԴļϣί
Ҫȥȥ
Ҳ㡣
лҪ˵



17 ҧ
֪Ҫʲô𣿡
ܻ۵Ĵսĺ󾱣ѹȵϢĶ
֪϶ʲôڻͣɹ˼롣
ɰͷܵļϣƵĲϻشֻ˫ְܱøһЩ
㻹˵ңõ𣿡
Ц⣬༾ĶĶϾۿɼ΢
ͺˣ˵ҡ
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ҡ
ܺ󾱴ľˮζĶһ£ǼеĻش
õ
һúģ㲻Ҫȥ
Ȼֻ֪ʶΪܣһú÷֪ʶ
ܼ˵ʱߵӶˣﲻɵһ
ˣǲ۸ˡ
ǲҺͺѵĹϵˣ
ĺףǰƵͷԼļǲֻü˵ҺǺȾʶѣɱ̫ࡣ

תͷ۾ֱֱĶܵĲ˵ȴЩԥԥ
֪ûзʲôʲڣܻ̫鷳
һӾ֪ʲô󷽵ֱ˵Һû˯
š۽ǣΪԼɵһе˼
Ȼܺ˵ҶǳˣΪԼΪ𣬵ǲϣ˿鳤
鳤ֻһ˵ľͺˡĬĬĿܡ
һˣڿ϶Ц˰
ֱܼŤˣ˶磬ü
Ҫˡ
鳤Ҫؼ𣿡΢΢̧ͷ˫ֻ§᲻ɿ
ؼҡҡҡͷûӦҪȥҺѵ
ǻŸ˵꣬Ϳı˲΢΢һԼҪӡ
ȥȾƣֻǺȾơ
ܸϽͣɼȴʲôҲ§˵ǺȾҲС
ǲǡ
˵ǲǽеˣɻû˵꣬˻ȴͻȻо΢΢һʹ
Ȼͷҧһ¡
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΢΢üƿɼȴ̧ͷһίĿֺõġһ
㡭ܼ˲ûƢָ촽εʵ
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˼ôʱ򣬼ܰż򣬻ΪǸоۣϽ뿴ôˡ
ԲǲǺ۰
ܼԴһСĿģ˵ʵۣȴֹҪ

ܻŵҪֹɼȴÿִֵ֣Ľŵ˺ųϡ
뿴ϲء
ֶܵҪܳĿӡ
أÿܸ֡Ͻȥ
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㿴ɡ
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ڸԤ룬ɼȴֱֱĶļ򣬰ƤϷ΢ӡǣһǺۡ
һɵĸȥĸҧۡ
𣿡
ܻƼôͻȻоһů촽
㡭
΢΢һҪѼƿ㲻˵Ϳ𣿡
ֲŸ̧ͱץס˳ϡ

ܱǵ૳΢΢Ťͷ㡣
ɼȴ˳ż羱һ·Ĳӣĺᣬ°ͣͣĴߣĿԣСʵ
ҿ𣿡
Ѿôˣڻܲǡ
ŵ֣΢ͷӸµ˵
Ҳϲ
˵꣬ż죬ȥ
СĿռĺŴ󵽼ޡ
˴һʼǵ𽥱ҵĿ
㡭
Ϣȵķֿ˴˵Ĵ꣬۷ˮĿż
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š͵ĵ˵ͷ
ǻ㿪ɡ
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Ҽҡ
ܼ̻֣ڼЦһ£ҡ
лҪ˵



18 ´β
ֱܵļңŸմţܾ§סĲӴǡ
š
Ҫȹϣ΢΢ɿ֣һ顱һ˴š
רһ㡣
ܽ⿪סˣ͵İѼԼǰһ΢΢źϵ촽ĻıӺͣȴǰ
ͺܵĻڱ/Щ̲ͣס˫ץסܵļ򣬰ѹǽϣȥ
ડ
ܵıѹǽϵĿأůƵķΧƻͷ˵ϡ
ţ΢΢̧۶˱˴еİ/㺣һӵţһȲȥ
ɳɳ
żɳȥǵԼڲ輸һƿõģÿֱá

Ÿ˵꣬Ͱ˴ᱧɳϡ
ôż
ܽ΢ĵƹ⣬΢ǣƣȴִҵԼ
ɣ𣿡ֳɳҪս
һ¡
ȴЦ̧һȣסļֹж
ţ
֪ҪȴļʳǰȴܳԷСסܵĽ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǰˡ

΢΢ۣƳһۡ
ϻ⣬ҪȥϵƤ
Ÿոս⿪ӣˡ֪˭ֻ
ã˶ȥܣɵ绰Ǳߵȴƶᣬǲͨ绰Ͳϰһ
εĴӿڴóֻĻ˵֡
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ְֻܱûһͱŪǵû
ڻǹȽҪѵӦÿ½ҵİɡ
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ܣҳ
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찡ôҵҼˡ
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ĺѵſںھӣҪڣꡱȴһס졣
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ҺѵԼǷ˼
У̫ˡܾװ
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䱻Ĵܲ߳
㡣
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ͻȻþֻǺͼ˯Ҳͦõġ
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ô绰
ڴѵΪʲôôˡ
Լղôû

ֻܿϵľ־ȴ벻ԼʲôʱģֻܸϽ㿪
ѵϢܼ̣ȴܸܵķŭ
ϲȥĹ˾
ˡ
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лҪ˵
ȻĻС~



19 ȾҲ

ܱΪֱܻŤǸеίû뵽Ȼ˵ҪԼһȥ
⡭
ԥһ£ǹѡ˾ܾ
ѵ˵Ҫ΢ţԼϾͰ͵ĸǰȥɡ
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ҪԴܵļϣƵҡҡͷټûĻ
㲻˵𣿡
ܼװ˵ʵ
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֪ǹģɻ̲ס˿ڡ
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Լһ˵ʮ⣬ȽԼΪʲôûнӵ绰Ҳ˼ֻ˳·ȾƵģҪܸѵ
ѵ˵ĻƺҲûҵʲô߼ǢĵطЦŰοܡ
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ָƱıأ룺ܺòºԼӦöûʲôϵƱ׼ҪȣͻȻоӵ²Լȡ
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ΪǺѵ뿪úѵֵ㣬ͻȻʶ򲻶ԣȵһ
ǸŵǼ
תͷȥֳּ°ͣգŴ۾һ޹ĿԼԼ˹ÿ˵
Ŷ


20 Ҫǣ
ҲҪ쵽
û뵽ȻӵСһǵźѵ档
ȻƽĹɶװġ
ܲɫһȰѼȵ˻ȥ΢΢ƳһۣʾҪˡ
ɼ֪ûᵽ˼ںѵܲţȻôߵİһֻҲ˹
ǲǽ̫ˣ
΢΢üҪĵɼһۡ
ܣ˵𣿡ѵȴͻȻͷս˹ЩֵĿ
˵
ºѵֶߣϽתͷȥӦţɼȴʱһȼ//м䡣
ܡĩ
˵ɵĽһ£ϽƱһΣ΢΢ŲѼȵֻȥ
ǰĩûпհ
ѵ֪ӵ·ʲôžƱһڴĿܡ
ӦС
˵Լпգɻû˵꣬ӵԼĳͻȻסܵһȡ
аɡ
͵Ķһ£뼾ԽԽˣһۣ΢΢ԼȳɼȴһҲϷɡ
лûаѵⲻȷɵ׷һ䡣
ĩԼ˼ȥɽҰӪҲܲμӣǾôճ˫ˡ
ҡ
ܰͼž֪СʲôԸû뵽΢΢ϲ䣬·ں
ҡܶƱԼĵĻң΢΢һ£˵һ䡰ûա
ղŲǻ˵пյ𣿡
ѵЩʧղ˫ǿ϶Ҫ䵥ˡ
ɲϣ䵥ǸԼ
ĩҪӰࡣ
ǸҪæǹ˾Ŀ
ܹûʵ˸ɣ΢΢תͷȥûĿ˼һۣ˵˰ɡ
šգգ۾¶һЦݣڳ˿ҡβ͵СƵġ
Ǻðɡ
ѵһæԼ˾ĿҲ˵ʲôһھƣĵȥˡ
ţǼҲ˵ˡ
ϵĽźѵĻ磬ΪӦðջȥˣû뵽ȴҵʲôƵģ͵͵Ĳȣһ޹ͺѵ졣
ǹˡ
ܱŪȫĲɣۼʱҲ˾͵ɡ
šѵſӦһ
Ϊǻû˲ߣҪȥȴѵλƵĴλվĿ˼ļϡ
Һеˡѵ΢΢ͷ
ԽӲԱ߶һ£ȴѵŸ첲ק˻
һȥɡ
ѵȫڿܵļѵİϷ꣬ȴһԱЦࡣ
ڶ2022ˣôôϵ·
ĿܣȴֻһԿϷ־ҪѺѵƿ

ºѵˤϽǰסļЦʡ
˰Ҫȥɡ
˵ʵҲüͺѵȥ
Ͼѵʲôܲ
ĳ˵뷨ͦһµģ˼
ѵܵļƵ̧ͷڼĽǶȣƵĵһۣԹôͻȻһţƻļƻ
á
Ҳˣѵɴһ˫ȦסĲӣûͷƵĹϣһȥ
С
ЦӦһѵˡ
վһԵļȴˡ
û뵽ԼѺѵƿ󣬺ѵȻ˳µĿܵĻ֪ԼűŤѺѵס
鳤ɡ
߽һҪ֣ȴܴˡ
ˣȥɡ
΢΢һ£ĵǣĺѺѵܵĲժֲܲܵĻֻƵĵ˵ͷתưɵſȥ
ˣԼվ˰ɡ
ǰĺѵɺѵƺһǲ
û취ֻܷźѵߣҺøղûƸֻٶ۵ӣ֪ҪѵԶٶ
鳤
⳵ųܺͺѵϳ
Ǿ졭
ڣͷҪͼټû뵽ȴʻĳ˽
ţССɻһ¡
Һһȥȴ͸ǰĺӾ΢΢Цһ¡
ǿɡûжĺ˾ʦ
ʵֻǲܺͺѵ˵һˡ
ܵͺѵؼҵĻԼϷҪȾƲһҲû
һ߼װǰ·һ͸ӾʵĶſܼϵĺѵϷʲôֵľٶ
ѵ
ۼӶ·ˣѵװĿԼϣЦĵͷСĺһ
ʲô鳤Ҫʲô
ǵĵͷɵĶźӾ쳤ӣŵץϵİȫ
˻һʱܾͣ

˿ܵ촽ƺ΢Ķ˶ȴ彲ʲô
ѵ֣ܺƤ΢΢˶ȴûҪ۵˼
ڻһУǲ̫˵㰡
סЦ⣬СĴȤѵ
ѵۣܷۣȻ±۾ĵ
ʲôòãֻԷŲš
úúá
Ц⣬һҲӡ
ѵİƵһߣװܵĿ˳ϡ
ǰ氵Ĺ۲ţȻ֪˵ʲôǼѵڲٿˣʱ泩˲١
ѵļưɲԶûӾСſͣ
ܺͼѺѵ¥û˷Ҿͣתߡ

ѵӿɳźסһһû뵽Ÿջ˾ȻѾˡ
˻ؼңȻһûס
ѵƵɳһɣùͷƵġһ
߳Ԫ¥һ뵽ѵʱڼƽӾͲЩЦ
鳤
ܴʱãսһ㡣
ţ΢΢תתͷôˣ
ǡܵĲƺһЩԥղھưѵ˵֮ǰѶ̸ˡ
˵ţ۾һ£΢΢ߣСʵأ
ղžư̸۵ĻڲʣӦǱһ·˰ɡ
֪ܲΪʲôҪ⣬Ϊ˵ĻҪͷ
Ҳᰡҡҡͷ֮ǰ˵ֻҪ/ͳʲôĺûϵ
˵꣬˰֣תԹԵǰȥԤмԭؿ϶ῴСһɥ˵ı顣
뿴Сı飬Ҫһ
û뵽Ȼûԭأ˳һĵǣ֡
ţðһʺţתͷżɻʵʲô
Ҳ˵ҲҪ
ĳﰡ
ܵĻû˵꣬ѾЦİѻ˵˿ڡ
˾ͻ뿪˵ԼҪˡ
Ҳ˵˲Ҫˣ˵ֻҪʹ/顣
Լúģ/ԼҲŬѧϰ
ͻȻԼϣ
ȫû⼾˼ɼѾʮָ۽ǣס֣ЦŵĳҪǣҰ
ǣŲģӦǡҪȥһ̧۲ŷָղ˳ŵʱ򼾳ûϵ
ˡ
ܶһ£˿ûˣԴǣԼСſȥ
´ҳ㲱׸/Ȧ
š۾Цģ͵ĵ˵ͷҲ֪ȥûУǣܵȴ۵øˡ
ߵСſں󣬼ҪܻؼҾֻһ
ɼŸһϳббҪܵϿ˵ԼƾеΡ
ھưɲź˶١
֪װúЦҪƿһתͷŷ֣ΪԵĵ߲ҪͷԼϣֻƴӡ
żŬҪοӣͻȻһǵûаƿְͷԼϰ˰
𣿡Цʡ
ܡƴ˵ͷȴβסЦ⡣
ʱͻȻ뵽ղźѵڳ˵Ǿ仰ʲôòãֻԷŲš
ðɣˡС˵ǳǳЦһ¡
лҪ˵
ЦûԼܳΪˣܶ˰
ʲôϵһԸһԸ~



21 ÷
ˡ
ӿСſͣ£ܼë޵ԴԼļװ˯ɵֹȥݺݵһͷ

Ӧ̧ͷԴһµĿܣӦСֹһ¡ôô찡
ˣȻȥˡ
ƿţͷͷɵеɰ̲סְ˳˳ë
ҲؼҰɡȥ·עⰲȫ
ټóǰ̬Ķ˼䣬մӳ鳤ȴͻȻסһ˫Ĵ۾ڴԼܲ
Сӣ𣿡
˾ʦżŽһ̲ס͸Ӿһۡ
ߣϾߡ
ܶ˾̽Ŀ⣬ϽżԴ˳ۼԼֲһ䡣
컹Ҫϰ࣬ϽȥϢɡ
˵꣬ܡ顱һ漾˳ţĿڳ￪Զ
ʵҲйһԥҪͰСؼˣڶѾ賿һˣһ˸//һһȼڵ賿ĵ㣬ǵڶ컹ϲϰˡ
ƣҪơ
һԼ˿ͬ£ڹ˾̧ͷͷģԺȴĪֳ۾ĳԼҡβ͵Ļ档
Ȼ̫ˣֻþˡ
ܸϽҡҡͷӿŲصԼҡ
һƿţܾͷԭôҶҲһ۾Ϳǽǵļʪϡ
ɳԵĲ輸ϻš˸ȴûкϵҺƿӣ̺ɢż֮ǰ׼ҪõС飬ſڵЬͼʱҲԭ
ƺ䶼ͼҪѰ/ΧС
ܿǰһУ岻Ļڱѵ֮ǰͼҵӵǽ/ȲȥԷϵ·
Уˡ
ܸϽſְҵĶʰ
ղŴӺѵҳʱЦѵҪƵ˯ˣû뵽ôԼҲҪһ˯ˡ
Ͻϴ˯ɡ
ܰ߰Ķͳͳ˲輸£۲Ĳ
ǵ𼾳ʱǵֿƲסð˳
ƹ˵ĺ󾱣ǰϵᣬȦһڼĲϣ̲סսյü΢΢Ǻ죬ͷðٻɿ֣ʩĸһǡ
ԺйȵܸЩȣȥ˾ʱͰȴҪ΢һ¡
Ӧòżðɣ֮ϴٻɡ
ż߽ң˳˷š
/ͿƵӷĴ
һͷ컨壬΢΢Ĵֱߵʪһ飬ɫøһЩ
֪ΪʲôܾκҪ泩һЩ
ѵΪ˲ͬ
ܴӴվ΢΢ĳоЩճ壬ԡҡ
ϴܰѸղŵ׵һߣһɣ˱ӱ۾ʼ˯
Ͼ˵ղֻһѰֶ磽⣬û뵽¾ȻкԼϾε˼
ͼڹ˾Ӱ֪࣬ǲΪʱ̫ˣټĹ˾ֻʣˡ
Ϊ;ûоˣӣŻֵѼԼߣȻ̧һһüתԼ
ڿĽ㣬˴˶˶Էеĺ塣
Ҳ֪˭칫αƿϵļɨһأڹĴӡΪ˵΢ȴ𽥼صĺڸ˹ȥ
ֱʵĺ󱳣һ뱻ڿձشߡ
˾Ǿ޴زǽҹҲܿ칫¥ͨĵƹ⣬¥±۶ȥĳ
أȥ
ܶ΢ƫͷŵĴߴټعλȥ
ɼȴЦ߳
ϵҹ𣿡
˵鳤ġ
̧ͷп΢΢źϣҪ˵Ǽ֣塱糿ȴʱ
塱塱
͵۾컨巢˰죬ȥصֻϵӡ
찡ԼôΡ
Ȼü£Ҳһ/ΰɡ
ԾǣԼȻеڴķչ
вУٺ˼ˡ
ܸϽӴ׼ȥϰ࣬Ź϶ܰų
һ̤˾ţܾͷּѾԼĹλˣԼ߻ӵʾðһë޵ԴԼ¶һЦݡ
Щĳ˵ͷȻϽ
ΪѼ磽زģΣܷоԼЩ֪ôֱӼǵ
Ƕ๤˵ɡ
ͺѵ˾ǸĿҲкܶδɵĹ
ԭ΢ͼһְ罻룬ɼȴܵ佱ĹƵһǰա
鳤ȿȡ
鳤ˣ㿴
ǰŸһȣָ˹ϵļ
˫£ŪܶҲһõĽڰϻȥ
òװ磬һȥ¥³Է鳤һȥԷɡִӵʾðĴ۾Ц
ҡ
Ҫܾǿżһڴ˵ڡ
ǲһֱСϵĸо
ʢ߹Цܵļ硣
ʼ磬ߣʲôСһֻȮ
ҪһȥԷɡ
һƣʢ˻ķУǷćNɪˣŮѵİı㵱
˵ţʢܰ˰֣ԹԵ˾Ϣ
ȡܰĵʢıӰһۣûע⵽Ѿߵǰ
鳤ҲԱ㵱𣿡
˳ܵϢȥ
˾Լͬ¶Ϣз
ûûУ
ܻعҡͷϡ
֪ʲôֻҪֳһҪ˼пܾͻһݰı㵱
е㳬Խ/ǳĽˡ
ܸϽתͷż뿪Ϣ
ԷʱصضԼһ죬ԼҪдĿæʾҲԹԹʱԼܡ
ʲôҿ԰æ𣿡ɼһʱ뵽ȴôֵ
ʱҪ
ӭżеĿ⣬ĪеܵһǴƿߣ
ᰲŹġ
š۽ǵ˵ͷ
רעڹܷʱúܿ죬еӽӲҪһµʱһ̧ͷȴѾ°ʱ㣬Ұ칫ֻʣͼˡ
֪ΪʲôĪ뵽ϵǸΣ칫Ҳֻͼˡ
Ӧòɡ
ܾüӦòôڹ˾£ü̵Ķȴ
ԥܻǱļ׼ؼټʣµݡ
ŸչصϵĴڣ۽ȴƳ˹
ܶʱЩסѾƹߵԱߣӽŻֵһӻԱߡ
ӷּ΢ײܵ͵һ¡
ƶҪȥػɼȴסӣ΢΢һת˹
ξһϥ໥ڿн
ô죿
ܸоԼӿ죬ԾĶס촽
ԼҪƿ
лҪ˵
˲˵ղ~~~



22 ǹİ
ӦõжӦռȨ
ܸокüڳԥʱ򣬡鳤촽΢źϡ
΢΢ͳɤһеǣϵĺһ¡
š
ĪЩҡԾıܿߣӦһϥջ
ǰȴٴǰһ㣬ӴսĸǰϥǵϥǣװĲ΢΢ĦƤ
ܸо̫ˣüȵĺ޵Ĵϡ
롭ǰٴο˿ڣִӵķ֣ǰϣ޴ӡ
㡭ʱŷԼȻһ˿ڴܿǻսʤС
΢΢ƫͷǶܼȻḩǣֵǰԴǵ⣬ǹ˾
ǰ
գգ۾ȷϰĵ˵ͷǹ˾
㡭תͷһԼƺʶﲻԣļʡ

һݣ㿴Էûа
Ļش𣬿ϥȴܵȡ
⡭𡭡
˲Щ̣Լе죬ַ˲ĵط
ҿݣأ
ղŹʱֿտգʲôûá

ϽóԼֻٵܵǰֻĻȷʵʾŽͼ
ǣ㿿ô
ϻ΢죬Щ١
ֻĻ̫С㿴塣ӭܻɵߣһ޹Ļ
ǣԷҰ
ܻΪԼղŻҰԼɣһжǼͻȻôŻ뵽ǸΡ
ԣּ
ڷ㡣
һǲֱӷƵģϽڶҳ˵Ի
һֻ
ﰵһת׼ļԴͻȻðһͷ
Ɀǹİɡ
ǲǡ
ܻͷʼˡ𶤶յϢ
ˡ
ܿһװԵӣ֪Ҳʲʲôѹ꣬ؼҡ
ôˣ
յܸǰСƵһĶ
û¡ְѼԶתͷļ׼Ҫ򿪣ļȴûзӦ
ô򲻿
һ䣬׼һ¡
򲻿𣿡
ô˵ȴվߵһֳסӵıԵһָ֣Ӻ˰Ȧ˻
ԡսܵļ羱˵һ䣬³ϢĪе
ԼΪ˲ٺ˼ѼԶû뵽ôһ
ңԼ
΢΢һԼס֡
˵ƺܴȣʱֶֻܰ
һ¡
ɼûܵĻɿ֣һƶָָ֮꣬ܵ䡣
ǣɡ
ܱЩɴԼֳɼֽİס
ˡ
΢΢ѹܿĽǶȣƫͷ۽ǴЦĿһۣսܵļ羱ͷ΢΢Ķ䣬۾ֱŵĻ𼱡
ܸоһͳɤĴԣɵ˰ӡ
Ūˡ
ܸоһֻèӣӲԵطĪЩ꣬ٿˡ
ˡ
ʱʱɿֱ֣ӣЦ˵鳤Ϻûһͺˡ
Ļ˵꣬Ͼɵ
ǵ͵ĸо˲䱻ƽ˴룬ֱȴ˸ղŸ£ȵģЩĲɡ
ȿһݡ
ܸϽתͷµ㿪ļԼרǰĹϡ
ݺ϶Ŀǰķݷ֧š
ţĺܺãҡ
ܿеݣתͷͼ˵Լῼǽȡݷ뷽Ϊݡ
ûע⵽֪ʲôʱѾһŵĻԴʹսĶԱߡ
ҡᡭ
תͷʱ򣬼Ҳѭת˹촽Էǡ

˶һ㶣ཻ/ƣֱֱ˴˵۾
Ǳ֮䰵ײҡڵС˲䱻ȼŴ

֪˭ǰִսһ㣬Ҳ֪˭ֳ˭
촽Ĵҵ/ǡ
ֱסʵĺ󱳣§ϸҪϱ칫ϡ
ȣȵȡ
ܴӱǵԺ״̬Ȼع
Ҫɺһչ
ڴ߿϶ᱻ˿İ
ܸϽļĺͣ
ţ
ֿǵĴ꣬//δ/ܣôˡ
ңͻȻ¡
ܾѾֵǰ͵ƿźķ
顱
źͰһա
ԼôʵᷢչҲܾܳ
Ҫôȥأ
Ͱոôʱ򣬡֨ѽǰͻȻ˴ƿˡ
û
ѭ̧ͷö˼˫Ĵ۾ֻߺ΢΢һ㡣
㣬ôˣ
ЩĸʳڣͼǣͻȻЩίԼĳƲֵ˵
ѵĲ𣿡
ΪʲôԸҪһ˶㵽
ܱʵһ㶣˳żߵͷȥŷԭԼװе/ġ
ǡ
֪ʲôܵȫ侲һ£ԲҪԼ///⡣
ֻǡ
ҪͣɼȴһǰĶ
ɡ
΢ͷôĹڴܡ
˵ʵûжٸܾܾҪرǶԷô㡣
ãõġ
ԭûӣջǻĵ˵ͷ
顱
ܵӦűٴιϣμص
/ͿƵŷȻֹ
΢Ƭ̣űƿ
ϴźδ漲߳תͷֹĿļ
ָǣ¶һ¶޹ı飬ʣҲ𣿡
Ȼѧϰ˺ܶ࣬ҪʵĻ⻹ǵһΡ
ҲҲǲá
ƫߣŤӦ
ǾǻУ۾һÿĻȡ
ܱŤתӣֹǻУǺܺá
Ǽ֮ǰ˵ԼǵһΣôἼ/ôãһһҲûųľȥˡ
ѵ
֮ǰ˵Լǵһ𣿡
װ
ǰ˵ͷ
ô΢΢Ƴһۡ
⣬ϽЦӦΪҺܺѧ
ȻǺѧˡ
Ťͷĵߡ
Ȼ֪Լͼûʲôܹ໥ԼĹϵǲֻԼ˽̡
鳤
ܴλȥϽǰ׷˼ҪѰһ佱ҡŲڵβʡ
ȥ鳤𣿡
ܡ
ʰöϱʼǱԣϵľܾͷҲصȥ
ֻҲˡ
лҪ˵
ͳĿһι˵һε~~~꣩



23 ϵ
ţ
û뵽ԼᱻôɴľܾϾ˸ղŻڲܵĽӴΪԼ϶ܵõһ㽱ġ
ö࣬һС
û뵽ܾȻֱӻ֣ܡ
ѵԼô
Ѿö̤鳤ļ
Ϊ̫ԭش˰ΣٻعʱѾűʼǱ˵
״Ͻ׷˳ǰסݣ͸ϵĵŷ죬ƺһ̫ĵӡ
һ뵽ԼܲˣӵСһͣԭزǰˡ

ͣڸһ¥˵š
Ʋֵĸմ߳ˡڴֻһ¡
óһǼϢ
˵΢ϣһֻίĲȮſڵϣ͵͵۾ţ·һ¡
װ
ܻΪղŵֱŤֻװûɼַһǲĲã滹һֻ̽ͷ̽ԵĲȮ͵͵ǽðԴ
ãﲻãֱ̫ˡ
һ뵽ղΪԼ¶Ǵĳѧģ;ؿںһƵģ˵ԭ򣬵ǲˬ
˵пѾΪǸ˷ˡ
ġ
ҡҡͷϽͷ׳ȥ
ֻܵġ
ĵ̲סǷ롣
ʶļʺͷŭ֮£ָĻϴֿٻظ⼸춼׼ˡ
ء˸ȮԴĬĬĵı飬˾Ϊʲô
ܱʵЩ飬ҽһĻظ
⼸»¸ߣһ˯̫ˡ
꣬ܶûʲôͰֻٷŻ˶ҽ͵ʵԼҲûôֻ̫˶ѡ
ڶ죬һ˾ѡԵ˼Ŀ⣬Ŀʼ
ĹʱŸոչ룬ʢ̲סܵĹλԱߣʾһ²ԶļСʵôˣ
޾һˡ
ô֪ܶԼĵĻֵ˫˿ûҪͣ˼
ǲֹ۸ˣ
ʢսܵߣһʵı顣
ʲô¶ơ
΢΢Ƴʢһۣתͷ¿ĻӦһûϵ
ģʢŵһ顣
šܺӦʢ֮Żͣ۽͵͵ķһۡ
Դ˿ûĻԼǸһ
ͻȻЩⲻȥתһ룬˭ͱѧһЩ߰Ķ
Ǻ˭ѧģ
ƽҲû˭ߵر
ѵʢͷ˾һ¡
ԣԣʢŮѵġ
ǻ˭أ
ֹţͻȻ̧ͷҪԼ߿Ͻջ߼ĿתĶǰĵĻ
׼ü෴ʡģû뵽ѵͻȻһ绰˵ܹ˾Ŀµ뷨ϣٿһ飬µ˼·ͨλӰ췽ⶨ
ܽŵ绰ԼӰһĿε̾˿¶һְҵ΢Це˵õġ
ѵŶӵͻȻܲòͣԼķʡڶϸһϵڻǰҪ׼Ķ

Ϣȥ˲䣬ܾǸһżʶԼ̫һϽס죬ͷ˵Ժ档
ˡ
ܵĵϺܿյ˻ظ
õġ
̵ֺ滹һЦ
ɵ
ﰵЦһ۽һƳͿӵĻðë޵Դ۾ĳԼЦ
Цɵ
װջĿ⣬ڶϴߴٵɵЦˣȥ
õġ
ֺ˲õЦ
ʵѵιӵҲ࣬Ϊ˫ҪЭһȥҲСʱ
ڽˡ
ɳͳһ󣬺ѵתתӲĲӣϣͷ̾˿
һЩϸҪԡ
ܺǰļѵ
֪ѵֱӣֺõĿܣ΢Ϣᡣ
Ҫһȥ𣿡װĿ˺ѵһۡ
ѵ΢΢۾Լ֪ģȴԼȥ̣һ¡
ȻѵЦüһȥ
߰ɡվ
״΢΢ӣҪһȥɲŸȴܰżȥ
ͺѵͬһѸղ˵ļһ¡
ҡ
һҪͺѵĻ˼޲õܺͺѵм䡣
һ뵽ԼܲˣֻƵӦõġһúġ
š
ܵ˵ͷͻȻ̧һͷסʲôûתͺѵһ˳ȥ
׷ӵ㹫˽ɣ
ָ̣ͷսһڣ̧ͷ³
ܹ˾Ҫ󡣡
ѵҵǽϣ°͡
ȻϴǺܹ֣ҷŸԼӹ
˵ǲǣ
û˵Ҳû˵ǣ̴ְֻ̧յһڡ
ܲ˵ѵǣ¶һԵЦݡ
صҳ˵ɡ
ʵܵͷ˿̣ƺʲôټЩŤȷʵҪ㡣
ţʲô£
ѵӣȤ
ǡ
ԥ˿̡
ʵڼļΪʲôôãܻǺģҪȻҲΪ˸е
û˿ֻ⣬ȻѵҲһõѡҲֻѡˡ
ǣһǰŸոհͯ˻ʲô¼ͻͽ
˵仰ԼоԼ˸ɵ⡣
ȻѵҲ˵һ㡣
ȻǶѵԥĻشϾɰ
˵꣬ѵܵĸǰսһ㣬ʣϲһˣ
ǰǺֵѵҵһˣ
ɲһ
ﰵֹ
ӲֺãûԼϲá
ֿ/ɵĿ֣Ҳ
ѵһĬĬͷԼǲҲԳһ£һ䡣
ѵֻͨʵ𣿻˸ϣ
Լÿ𣿡
ѵһͬķܡ
Դ̣˭Դ
ҾԼŲ㰡
ǵ뱻ƣ԰Լ뷨˵˳
Ҳͱ˷ϵء
ϣֻ㣿ѵʡ
šܵ˵ͷ
ֻ㣿ѵһ顣
ԡ͵ĵ˵ͷ
ǶأѵıЩˡ
ܶһ£ƺû⣬ֻʣĴ/ϵ𣿡
ѵܵļ磬ֵܣ˻ֹϵ̸
̸̸
סˣδĵ·


24 ͺܺ
ͣû취𣿡ԥһ䡣
̸£붼û
֮ǰĵĺͼ˵ԼҪˡ
еҲС
ѵ΢΢ͷܵĶ䣬ıʲôһһ
ϷģΥģ
⻹ܳΥ
ǵĿ˺ѵһۣϷġ
ȲԼ֮ǰ˽ΣܾԼһֱһطĺù
Сѵƺĵ˵ͷ渵
㿴ϣֻ㷢ϵϣֻһˣ̸ֲ԰ɣ
ţܾúѵ⻰˵ôôǸʮһϸһ룬Լĺȷʵô¡
㣬ǰɡЩӦ
ͺͨһȻǩЭ顣Э涨Эֻܺһ˱ϵĹϵҶṩʵ񡣡
ȻأͶڰЭ֧񱨳ꡣ
㿴׷ҷȨѵһģǲ˫ˡ
ȣһ¡
ǰ滹ûԽԽԾ
ⲻǱ𣿡
ǰѵҲûϣһ§ܵļ磬˵
̸ֲҪΧתҪ˼һʲɡ
ڻ㣬ΪᣬϾͯ档
Ժɾ˵׼ˣһԼϲأ
Ҳ˵ˣܴǾ˵ѡ񲻽ֻ㡭
źѵĳƪۣ죬ɺѵһ仰ȴڵļɲʲôСͯˡ
Ϊ֪˭ʵüȥңȫһ㣬ѹϳŵʱĳܿһֻؼҡ
Сñƭˡ
Ҫôأ
ܸоԼסˣǰǱ˲ûס˭
ѵȦ׼
ʲôأ
ѵܳ˵ΪܲϽ˵һбİ취
ʲô취
ܻعʶһ䡣
㻹԰//Ϳȷͱ˷ϵˡѵü
˵ΥǸ
üתͷһ˵ʲôĹ鿴źѵ
ܶС˵ﶼôɵġ
ѵƿߣСҾһԡ
Ը
ܳѵ˸ۡ
֪¸Һѵ
̻ܵңѾȼ̵ٰͰϣ׼Ҫߡ
ѵְ˻
Ūô鷳ֱӺ̸ˣ˾һ߿
⻰ܸˣƿѵԼϵ֣Ťͷߡ
߰
ѵϽ׷һЦĴչʡ
˭Ҽ𣿡
ҵģҲҽһ
ѵԵʮָȤҪƬ
ûƬ
ˣϽȥ
ܰ˰֣͸¶Ϣ
ɺѵһҲûҪȥĴ㣬ļ׷ʡ
Ҷıˣ֪ܵǸ˭ɡ
㶼ʲôˣ
Ŀ˺ѵһ̸ۣǰ//ﻹе뷨𡣡
̸ͺѵƲƲ졣
㶼֪˫ؽϣǸܣֱȴ//׮Ҫ
ѵҪܺúôһԼ˵ľ顣
鳤ǡȴʱƿҵš
ܸϽס˺ѵ졣
ǡ֮һ£ͣźѵֻϣ˶ٲż˵
Ǹüˡ
ܱĪе飬͵/ȱץһ
ǣʲô
ԣҲѰ
Ȼֹǰ˻
ȥɡ
΢΢˺ѵһۣʾҪ˵
ɵȼתͷѵֿ͵͵˳ܵ䣬۾ֱĽɨһ¡
治̸Ҹ//׮
ѵſͣҾͺܺʡ
ɿɣ۾Ҳ׼ҿ
ڲѺѵϣ۾Ҳ
Լ˵λ˹ǰλ
ţ
ƺ΢΢תͷ
ѵ״Ͻͷת˻ȥֻʣܺͼĬĬĿԡ
Ϊ˵գգԲ۾¶һˬʵЦݡ
ܸϽİƿ
ףôеĸоȴᡣ
ԼǱѵĻӰ˰ɡ
УС
ܸϽٳѺźѵصҰѽĻݿ꣬˫ʰƿҴŵʱҲ°ʱ㡣
ʲôʱ°࣬һ𡭡
߰ɡ
ѵڰԣһͷƽ˵
Ҫʵڲȥұˣʮ˰ߵ
ѵǰܳ⡣
ƨʮ˰ơ
ԼĶûг˸
ߺѵת˾ȥһλͷּԴһʰ׼°ˡ
Լպ˵⼸춼ȥԼ
ô°ˣѵҪȥˣ
²ĪЩɵĳס˼
㣬Ҫ°ˣ
š޾ɵĵ˵ͷ
ȣһ¡ܱŤİͷתһߣװڵһȥ
ţ⻰˲̧ͷ۾΢΢һϲڴܡ
ܱЩ˼㲻𣿡
ʶĵ˵ͷʶԣָϽҡҡͷ۽ЦӦر⣬رġ
ɵ
ܼװİһתȥʰԼĶȴǣѵǸһԡ
չһֻСӦòѰɡ
ԡ
лҪ˵



25 ԽԽ
ܱҪʼǱؼ´һ·ĿܣڼȻѾҪͼһ÷ϣ԰к͹صĶһߡ
ùӰѵõ¡
óֻĬĬѶϢ֪ͨóš
˵ԴưѼջؼҺѾһûܹ˵ҹˡ
뵽ѵ֮ǰ˵Ǿ//׮ﲻǰתͷ͵͵һվԹԵȺļ̵ͦβͽʵĴ΢΢ͣһ¡
ܻ֮ǰμϴûд£չʾԼʵţĸҪǻγV͵ߡ
ʹӦرбɡܲɵİﳩ롣
鳤
ɼע⵽ܵߣһɵĿ˹Ϊʾǰæգգ۾ĵʵ
ʲôҪ𣿡
ûûʲô
ܸϽסԼе룬·İ˻ȴ޲ôӦϺúøɾС
߰ɡ
ʰöͷ˵һԹԵĳ˾ȥ
š
ļ͵ĵ˵ͷǵõСƵģһĵĸȥҪҪᶫ
鳤ɡ
ҪȥİΪ·ʱֱ΢İڶôˣָֻü΢΢ֱܵһĸۡ
á
˲ɵԶһ£ЩȻİѰһֱֻ֣ϱĵطǸоЩġ
ŶЩʧӦһ
Ϊʱ͵͵ǣһ֣ܵû뵽Ȼֱӱܾˡ
Լǰڶȴյ֣Ҫֹȥ˳ưܵǣֱ۲Ÿǰһ㣬㿪ɡȴתѳԿ׵ݸ
ãõġ
ϽæҵİѳԿ׽˹̧ͷʱѾ߽˵վڿʵ㲻𣿡
ϽһԹվܵ󣬷·רλһ㡣
³ҵ󣬼ʻĳϳԼƹͷ˼ʻ

ϰȫܿųתͷ򳵴⣬Ť˰죬Ǽװ
㣬᲻ıڵĹϵ
ʵѵ˵ǷҲȫûзϡ
̸̫ˣҲϣҪͱ˷ϵǻԽΪ˴ΨһĴ//顣
ܸо˫ܹƽ
û뵽ȴԥĻشһ䣬ᰡͦõġ
ǾܺãܲˣԼ˼ʽȦϵܵˣֻԼҪټǿһѲߣһҪѺѵ˸ܵİȫ֮⡣
ͦõģ
仰ȴȫһ˼
ܻ֮ˣͦõģ
ܾüѧˡ
ֻȻʼĻˣѵǸĳ˽̵ô
Ҳ֪Լں˭ϾתͷһļŤĴＷ֡
㣬ҾûʲôҪ𣿡
ûаϽϵҡҡͷ
ôء
ɲ֪ΪʲôоԼش鳤ıˡ
ϣأҡ
ܸоԼĪȼһ˿־
һҪþֶüȫȫĳԼ
˻صҺһţܾüȥϴ衣
鳤첻Ұ㡭
һȱȥԡ裬ȻŰϴ壬˳Ĵ壬ɻû˵ͱ΢΢Ƴһۣȥ
ǡ
һ飬Ͻ·ԡȥ
ţȻĺܲ
ܴż/ĵ˵ͷ΢΢ҧ촽ȴַѡ
ȻŽһҪüԼǾҪôȴȫûͷԲȴ򷢼ȥϴ衣
/Ȥ//ûǰ׼
ùƣû⡣

ɸѡűѡͻȻһǰᡱ
ǵǺѵ˵ġ
һģԴ켾һµһΰһüеġ
ֻˣʲôǵˡ
ô죿ҪȵҸо
ܳüϴ軹Ҫʱ䣬ȥ˼ƿơơ
Ȼ⼸ơƸ⣬ҲֻܿӪӪΧˡ
ޣˣͷȥһޡ
ڶơƣ¹ʱ򣬡鳤ͻȻ
ȡ
΢΢Ǻһ£תͷʪͷðɣֻ/վ
ķɫĵðɫĲΪԣϵˮ΢΢䣬ھϾۼȻ˳»ȥ
ܲԾһ£ơôԽԽʰ
ôϴô죿΢΢ƿ
ҡ
ܸо۾Ƿˮ⣬ƽҪֱԼ
ȣȻ㡣
ܸоղơƻ䵽Լ°̧ͣȥ

ǰȴץס󣬸ס°ͣ΢ȥ΢ơơ
ˡ
̧ͷĿֱֱܵָȴɿ
˵ԣҪֵʱơƵȴһ㣬Һľ£ʪ·΢͸ǰ
ˡ
΢Ƴ˼һۣȴûһա

ɵĸͷܵľ䡣
лҪ˵



26 Ժ
΢Ĳ˫, ΢ơƱһ򾻡
·ʪˡ
΢΢һԼԴ˳ϵĳǰս˵, ƺڰʾ˳Ųµ㡣
Ų
ܿᴵ˿
˲һ룬̧ͷ, ɬܣСʣ, ô죿
˵أ
ܰİơƷŵһ, תͷ, 촽΢ţ˵ѡɻû˵, ͻȻоԼ˱ձ
ܱڳĲ̨ϣûܷӦǰһֿܵϥǣסĴ, ˶̨ϡ
ʲô
ǴЦ, ͷͻȻǿƵĹое, ΢΢°ͺԼӡ

û˵, ˳
ĺһֻ˵Ĺ
ﲻɵЦ˫ȴ§˼Ĳӡ
ơƵĿζ˲Ƶ⻯Ĵ귴/ű˴˵ȶȡ
ܱǵüҪȱ, ΢΢Ƽ, ķſ촽

΢΢°, ϢȵĴ, ۽Ƴ񻺻ͷǰ
ţ
ʶĵͷȥö˼΢΢ϵߡ
˵ͷҧؿڵŦۣһֱĿһ˹ͷ⿪Ŧۡ
ܻûмļӵ˲оԼ˾Ͳ
ǰĳ⿪˴룬ܵͷ§סĲӣһ
ôˣû˵Ļ
ȥȥҧ촽С˵һ顣
á
Цһ˫סܵƨɣ̨ϵƣȥ
㡣§żĲӣСĴߴ١
Ͼ͵ˡ
ЦŹ˷ţ˳Ҳڡ


ڴϣ۾ֱĶ컨壬˻еû
⡭оҲ̫˰ɡ
ʹûзʵ//ʣҲһ½ָͷûˡ
գǼȻе̫ճ//ˣ׸û꣬һƬհ׵ĸоġ
԰
ڴڻζŸղŵ飬ͻȻʶһص⡣
ԼѼؼңԼ߳ļԼôǱȫĵķһ飬ζƳ
УС
ҪѼ°úøһμµ顣
ʵѾˣҽĿҲѾˣ˰죬˻ȥ
鳤
ڴԡܻչ֫ڴϣϽߵ߶£СƵģһɵĴյԱʵ
ҽֵô
ΪԼֵ̫ˣϽԼ֮ǰѧ1صرȫʵһ飬ϣ⡣

ܻڻζղŴһƬհ׵ĸоתͷú۾һڴԼķ˸ȥͷͻȻӦЩǴѧİ
ѵ͵͵Լܶ
һ뵽ܣ˲ζ
ȻûпȥǵʶЩ鼾ܺͱҲʱӿֳһֺİĸоǵģܲ
ߡֻͷˡ
ĹĵİͷŤ˻ȥ
ܲشֲԸ⿴ԼΪԼָˣԴĴӴվ
ԼԺٲˡ
̲ס͵͵ͷƳվҪߣϽס
㣬ȥܳӣץס˼
ǲǸˣͷĿܡ
Ҫߣü׼ߡ
Ųȥұ˵Ļᡣ
ϾǵˣǼȴһζûн
òáԵЩɥ
Ȼ˺ܶʼǣס˺ܶϸںҪ㣬ϾʵǵһΡ
ȥҪѧϰ
˭˭˵áЩƿߡ
ʵĺܺãֻϰˡ
ҽ
̧ͷ۾Ŀܡ
šܱŤӦһ
컹𣿡ڴһ䡣
ƳһۣһɣӰԼסܲ˵һ˵
ҪҪҲҪԺȥұˡ
ˣ
΢΢£ʲôˣܼûӦӱ¶ֻ۾ʵشأ
֪ˡϽ͵ĵ˵ͷ
ʲôˣԼԺÿ춼鳤ˣ鳤ֽһ
ôɾʹӦˣͻȻԼ֮ǰھʲôֱˣֻҲ췴
鳤Ҫȥϴ𣿡
֪ԼºֵΪϴ¡
ǿһ칤ϲĻŪƵģΪĨԡ¶ϴĭٲ/壬·
Ȼʱ̫ҲֱӾ
ȥñӰƵӦһ
ȥ˵ţƿҪͻȻ΢һ
ôˣ
ϽսȥҪ鿴
ûû¡
΢΢ֻؿڣ
û𣿡е㵣ġ
û¡ܺ߰ŭĿһۣСֹղš
еƤˡ
Ҳ֪ЩǸĴͷ
֪ĬĬ¸˱ʼǣص㣺ʱ䲻̫
ֲǹ㡣
΢Ŷ䣬Ťİͷתһߣ˫ȴżҪ
ûˣȥϴ衣
šϽ˵ͷ۽´Ц⣬һѽܴӴϱ
ȵ㣬ˤˡ
ģղŴӳҲ
ܱŤĴ¼ĺ󱳣˵
ŶԹԵı졣
۾ս¼ǡ
ԡ
лҪ˵



27 ҽ
ϴ, ܴԡո崵ͷûü˯, ܾ;˱һ
鳤
·תܱű, ѹͷϱеཱུģﲻɾÿɰսẰһ
鳤, ˯𣿡

ܽյĽë΢΢һ, һ졣
Ѿȫ͸֧, һҲʣˡ
ϴڿ˯ˣ˭ٺ
˯ɡ
ܱű, ЦŰ˯·ŵһߣ˵ƣŵϣ
һʼֻڴرϣܵĺƽ, ĳŲһ, ȴûһֱֱȥ, ͵͵ĳܻﱧŵıӡ
֮ǰĹ۲죬˯ʱϲŵʲô, ǲ֪û˱ӣǲǻᱧߵ
ĪЩڴ
ţ˯ƺоںӣ΢΢һ, ʵ̫, û, ֻɶԷıӡ
ûбӱ˯ò, ΢΢мŲһ㣬ƺ˱ȱӸů͵Ķ
֮ǰﳣֵĴů¯
￪ĵĽȥŴů¯΢΢˲䡣

ʵбܱסļ˲佩ֱüҶ³ܣξͽˡ
ֻ͵͵һ±סĸоû뵽ܾȻļĲ˲䣬Сèһ
⣬̫˰ɡ
̲סҪֻرסܣĳȴˡ
ô๴˵Ļ棬ܻۿ΢ʪ΢ĺ֣ǹɳ嶯ǿǿѹȥ
Ȼ֮ǳܲעȥԼ
û뵽ھȻ֡
Уܳ鳤˯ʱ¡
΢΢ŲŲϽƽϢû뵽˯§סĲӣֽ
ܡ
ܱŴů¯֡
ҲٶˣֻܱԼһѵõǣһȰԼҪֹˮ
һ˯úܺãʱԼͼӵЩŤ
һʼΪǼӲԼѼƿɷԼҲ§żĬĬ˻
Լǰôճ
ĪоЩ߳ܣ΢΢Ҫװ˯ʱĽë΢΢һ£۾
ĿȻԣ߾۽Ϻ¶һõЦݡ
簡鳤
۾ܣܵߺ𴲵Сһɵͷ
ˡͻȻе͵һ¡
ףĶʲô
ЩҵƿһߴߴżϽ𴲣һߺƵĶ
Ծ̫Ծˡ
Լôֻеɰ
ܰϵһдȫԼû˯ѣϴ˲ϳ緹żȥ˹˾
ܺͼһ߽칫ңʢЦһ䣬ôһģ
ʢһʣȴ˶ȻĽһ£ȫ˾¶֪ͼһƵġ
͡¥ġ
˵󣬸Ͻͷ˼һۣ밵ʾҪ˵û뵽ûʢʲôֻ۽΢Ц⣬ֱ㶵Ŀ
ðɡӶò˵ʲôˡ
Ͻȥɡ
Щͷ۵Ĵ˼ߵԼλϸ£ʢЦӯӯĸ˹
ֱŤˣ
ֲܿȻĶһ£ߵʲôŤ
㿴ǰ춼ʲôˣ˵Ķҡβˡ
Ǻʲôϵ
ƲƲ죬ʢ˵ôŰ
СʢҲϸʵ׷ʲôֻͻȻĳܵļЦŵ
۸УҶͬ£úøɻһʹ
ô۸ˣ滹ָ˭ҡβء
ȻССıԹȴŵӦźãʢվŻߣϽ˵һԼҪϷλͬ¡
ʵ˵ԼҪæ˵ҲдʣϾѵ׷µ󣬶ΪܺͼȹһõҹûмӰ࣬ڹȫڵ˽졣
ڿʼרĹ֮ǰܻͣǱ߿һۡ
˵ҪüԼʵȫǼΪԼ
ȻҲǺܺõģȴеССĲ
ߣԼһܸǰδе飬Ҳȥұˡ
ܵ°ͣ۾΢΢żúͼߣ̳¶һˬʵЦݡ
ɵ
ﲻһ£Ͻջߡ
ˣһҪ¼
һȻúãǵյѵĹϢʱ֪ԼļƻҪˡ
Ĳǹ˽𣿡̲סĸѵ˸绰
ĻϺѵǴιٷ˵ǣٳݣʣµĴǡʱޣץ
Ĳǡѵڵ绰ͷֺá
֪Ǻ࣬ĿСԷ
ˣܲҲǸǺܴѹ
ҡܻ
ʱ֮һζĿһ֮ǰҪӰˣ
ôõҹ
׼ͼúÿһ
ɺѵڵ绰ͷǵǸֺã˵Ͼ͸裬Ҳûֻ¿ʼ

ܲ´ļûü֣֣ͣ˹ָ
С˶ȥˣڰ칫ѵõ徻
ţ
СƵģ۾˹
鳤ʲô£
ͷżû˵쿴ǳԲˣǾúÿɡ
ܶЩ˼ͻȻϵһļͷʣ鳤е㲻̫
ţʵڲߴӼƿƺһûشȴͻȻļչǰ棬ٵ촽һȻһ䣬ţˡŶɿĻصԼĹλϡ

һз̫죬ܻûӦô£СѾ͵Ϯóܵˡ
㣬ʲô
һֻű˵գһֻֻĻš
鳤ͷӣǡ
ٻظΪϰֻ࣬
Ҳ֪ϰడ
ôظ벻ԣԼͷҲǰɡ
ϰʲô
ûҡ
ܸоԼͻȻͱ˽ࡣ
лҪ˵



28 һϴ
ǿȵĹܸеʮƣ, ĶԼȴ˿ûˣԽۣԽڴ
, ӰĵϣܸоԼȲȥˡ
һҪһѾΥ˵ҹ
ҪȻԼҪήˡ
ﰵ, ƿԼҵĴš
鳤Ҫϴ𣿡
޲˽ֽӹıʼǱԷŵһߡ
⼸һӰ, ˼ÿ춼ʮ֮Ŵӹ˾
óΪĿ˺ܶ, ۵, ܺúݸϢ
ɼŸնְȥףǰԭվúúõͻȻ, §סĲӣĹϡ
飬鳤
Щҵĺһһֻܵףһֻķסܵϸ, һʱ䲻֪Ǹðװ, Ǹ§סˡ
š
, ͷ˵ľ䣬Ӧһ, Ĳӣеġ
𣿡
ڷӦ˹ְ״һ¼, ˫ֽ§סܵ
, ۡ
ܱ۾, ǿҪ˯ƵڼĻ
ƫ, ŵʱܾúů̲סҪٿһ㡣
ϴ˯ɡ
СС˿岻Һֻˡ

ɵܱȥԡҵʱ΢΢ۣͷĿС
Ҳô˯
ΪʲôóСѵЦʵ˵𣿡
ˡ
ͷӦһ΢΢ͻȻ¼Ĳһһٵ˵
롭zo
һֻڼĶߡ
ö飬˲֧֧ͨĲҺܶӡ
˵⻰ʲôȻǲԶˡ
ţܼǵͨ죬֫ӲɬĸһɵľÿɰȤζĻٶһ¡
ô˵
ܹĶവ˿촽ĴսĲ
΢΢һ£ƿߣ˺ܴľĲС˵
㣬˰ɡ
컹Ϣɡ
ţڹҵ
ͻȻǰֻСͦĵġ
Ҳᱻ˹ĵĸоûгԶ§żĲЦŵ
ȥϴ裿
šš
ϣŲӣӲĵ˵ͷĪ֮ǰһЩ
㻹ܾܾȵԡɲԸԸˡ
΢΢ǣĵпڼļϡ
û뵽Ȼֻǹؾصİԡԡ׵ıأȻӡ
һϥǵأ׵̧ܵһȷŵϥϣȻ󻺻ϵӡ
֪ǲ̫۵ԭܸоԼ󴦱ƤЩ飬һĪķȡ
һϴ𣿡
ܳżһֻӵʱ̧ŵĽţýżϹ𼾳װ㣬Ĳ˵Сȡ
ˡ
΢΢ͷŵЩɬץסֵܲȰǳµĺȴһƬ
úú찡
ܾüķӦȤ΢΢ǰ̽̽
Լϴ贩·Լֻ˵һһϴͺ߳ӣδҲ̫ɰ˰ɡ

˫///ִԡױأһ˵֡
ԡѾźˮֻҪɽȥݸ衣
ţ΢΢ͷù۾ֱֱܡ

ܹ˹ָüվһ㡣
ôˣ
ûվϵͱǰһ
Сġ
ĲȵǰȥҪסԡ׵ıأȴЦ˫§סĲӣһȥ

ԡˮӶ
ܺͼ˻·ˤԡϵĳȫʪ͸ˡ

ĨһϵˮɹЦϥǶ˶ͬˮ＾Цŵֻһϴˡ
˵ܻ꣬⳯սһ㣬Ҫڵı顣
û뵽ͷûлش
ǰһ㣬ȴƺЩ͵ĺһְ̧Ѷǰʪͷһץ¶ͷԭ۾ƺó˼֡
úϢġ
΢΢ЩյĿǰܣмΣȴеĿ
ԡ׵ˮ˵·ʪˣɫĳ͸ܵǰ͸ɫƫżߡ
أ
ԡһ۽΢䣬ü۴ЦĿż
ڻҪҺúϢ𣿡
ڡ
ǰӣ˫ֳԡ׵ıأԼĻУ΢΢ͷܷˮ۾
ϢֻӺˡ
˵꣬ҵʪ촽
ԡˮΪҵĲٴǣ˳
лҪ˵



29 ԡ̫С

ܲԡԡﱧ, ȫſڴ///𼾳ĵİ/Ħ
ǵĴ˳űʱ̲ס΢΢һ
ôˣ
ϻ΢ļͣŵ΢΢۾, һĵͷܣ, Ұ̫𣿡
ûС
ҡҡͷټЩ˼İͷƵֱŤƵ˵
ֻЩѡ
ŲǸղ˶Щˡ
, Ұ㡣
š΢΢˵ͷ, Сķȡ
ڶڵǰ湤ܵе㽩Ӳ
ڱôһ, ܸеԼļ˲٣رǼϸĵչ˵ĸ첲ʹȡ
ֻڼȵʱ, ˿ĺͼܲ˸ղԡ﷢¡
Ȼ㵱ôԡף˵˵еСˡ
ղ̧ʱ㶼Ҫˡ
ԡ̫Ӳˣѵеۡ
һﰵֹ, һȴ΢΢, §˵µͷ, ۽ǴǳǳЦ⡣
ô˵ǸоǺܰ, ֱԳΪʱ顣
ǰͷץɱͷϵˮ˳°ͻ¡
ܻŸղŵһĻĻһж, һ㡣
Ϊʲôأ
ſͷ΢΢תͷȥڸԼ/Ħˡ
ôˣ
Ķ仹еߺ, ע⵽ܵ, ǱֵĹƵգ˹
㵱ʱΪʲôûܸеЩ⡣
һʱûܻ˼, ΢΢ͷûʲô
ǡ֧ӣһ߱˸ƣһ˵Ϊʲô
ܡֻû˵ڣͼͻȻǵͨ죬Ͻֹס͡

ܼߵȤ۽Ŀǰˣͺ֧һ
Ϊİ
ܻΪʲô
ǡ
΢΢ƫߣҪӱ⣬ǼִŵҪ֪𰸣ֻ΢΢ͷС˵
Ϊ컹Ҫϰ̫࣬ĸ
磬Ϣɡ
˵꣬ϽһԵıӰǰƵĹ
ʵ켾ѾеˣȻûеһ鳤ȻǸܶȫµ顣
ֻǺЩ죬ﻹǲеЩĬĬﶽԼҪȥѧϰ
˿֪˿ЩʲôֻǰֻȻôԼʵڱЩɰѳõıӣ˫§סĲӣ͵İԼǰЦʵ
ǽˣ
šš
ܵߣصĵ˵ͷ
˵Ҿòأ
΢΢ǰսһ㡣
Ǹ˰ôΪڶϲ˰డ
ҪҪ
ͷ˵ַ˵Ĳӣ˳ż羱»Ÿţǡ־ͱץסˡ
ǣϢɡ
͵ֵֻ͵һܻûӦñ°ʵʵİ
һ˯롭
쳤Ҫ飬ɻû˵ͱ˴һʵʵı˻Ƕס뿹죬˲ͱǵû
죬˯
ֿ˵Ĵ꣬΢΢¹ۣŶСĺ
죿
۾ڴĹ⡣
ȣȲôæ˾͡
̧һֺۣðִһ¡
ȻԼڴͿԿһһ뵽ǼڹԼ壬ܻĵ˵ͷĻꡣ
Ǿ˵ˡ
ŵ˻һٷʢĴͣԳԵñģܵڶһ鶼ܺãѵڹͨһЩйط޸Ҳûһüͷ
ǲǺλչ˳
гϢʱ򣬺ѵ̨Цվߵܡ
ҲҪ̨͸͸ģ;ȴʢȥ¥򿧷ˡ
ѵǵüߵʱòƺܾĿԼһۣЩĪ
ܱѵʵһ㶣˼룬ͻȻЩŤСӦ㣬ô֪ģ
ⲻд
ѵЦŴչײܵĸ첲ԵĴ̽ôһˣ
ûаܹϵҡҡͷ
ŶѵϸЦģһĽĸ̾Ǿʮ˰ߵˣ
ʶҪͷϸһܱȫԼ
Ҫ˵ڶԼߵһ˵ҲûС
ţܵıƺЩŹ֣ѵɵһ䡣
ѵҹ룿
ǡϡ
ͼ֮ԺãҲǾֻ֣˵ΪֹʵΪֻйһΣһˣʲôǵá
֮Ϊʲôûеأ
ٴθܵͷ
ֻǹ˼Լ
ǲ룬ֻǱȽ١ģɵӦһ䡣
ţɺѵȴ΢΢üȽٰǵĹϵǺΣ𡣡
Σգܶһ£ƺЩ⣬ΪʲôΣգ
㿴ûи飬嶼ʧȥȤĻǲϾͻȥһ𣿡
ܾúѵ˵Ĳ޵ϾֻԼԱ֤ιϵҪֻ˨˲С
ô죿ܸϽ׷ʡ
Ǿøάϵһ¿ѵЦųգգ۾
飿üظһ顣
԰ѵ¶һļ̱飬һ̸ﳬֵ
һ̸ܰͷתһ߲΢΢ЩңҾͦõġ
úãԷֲһáѵĵ̾˿
ӦҲͦõġ뵽ƽ۾ĳԼЦӣĪ˵
ģѵü˵ֻһ˾𣿡
Ҫ㲻Ҫͱ˷ϵ𣿡
ûУûС
ܵı˲ЩȻɺѵȴһԼûж԰ɣ㿴ûռ
ûռ˵
ռͻȻ֮ǰʼ벻ıڵĹϵ˵룬ǲҲζŲҪٽһ
ѵΪڵľոպãʱϵתߣ
ܱѵ˵ԽԽòģתͷԥһ£ǱŤʵ
ǣ˵̸ͻռ𣿡
лҪ˵



30 ͷ
ǿ϶
ѵۼƺҪԼ˵, Ͻĵļ
̸˲㣬Ҳ㣬Ķ㡣
ҹҲŶ
˵, ѵ¶һЦݣѹ, ᳬ֮ǰеҲ˵Ŷ
һǡ
΢΢ĬһᣬĻؾ, һ˰ɡ
Ϊʲô
ѵоֻһ, û뵽ܻǸıע⡣
ô̸𣿡
ƲƲ, ͻȻʲôƵģϽյܵĸǰԵ, ѵǼģ
ʲô£е¡
̸ܾΪǰкݺݵ˺ƭһǮ
üԴðһʺţЩ˭˵ģ
飬ѵ΢΢һ, С, ھưɺȾƵʱİԡ
˵²ģ
ȻǰͻȻЩͷʹ, ˭洫ҥ԰
֮ǰЩܾļһɡ
ѵЦŹײܵļ򣬡ȻҲûܹ, Ϊʲôô̸ִ
ûΪʲôĵƿߣŤĻǲ̸
ʵܵҲǵ̸ִ, ֻ̫Ϊ̸ûɵĿѹ, ˾ǱһƵ, ԼҲ
, 㲻ԣô֪أ
ѵûз˵ܣϾܸվסš
ɱòɵС/ܸܵˣ㵽ʱڡ
ܱĻǺܼᶨģǺѵһᵽЩԥˡ
ֻ˵ں۶ԼһϲˣҲűˣܸоԼ;ܲˡ
Улܵ
͡ûвôķʽ𣿡
ܳ˳ǣ鲻ԸĴＷ֡
ɲҪԼðʲôۺɫݣֻҪһ뵽Ǹ棬ͻһƤ
Ǿѵ΢΢ۣ//֮ϣδ
񲻴оԽܡ
ԡ
΢΢һ£ʺѵôʱˡѵֻͻȻ
˼˾ġ
ѵóֻһĻֺ̧ܴкϽһ߽绰һ߳ƧĽȥ
ҡ
컹ûüͿѵѾԶˣֻԼһת̨˷
Ҫô
ܸеЩգǰĿ˴ҾİˣھȻҪһֻС
ͲԼң벻
ȻԼǰǺˣڡ
ĪеˣĿĵ¥£ͻȻһϤӰҰ
Ÿῧ첽칫¥
ô죬ͷ紵ˡ
°ͣǿʲôȤСƵĿ¥һ㿿ļ
ߵ칫¥µʱͻȻ΢΢̧ͷϿһۣúܶߡ
顭
۾˲ʶ뺰ʶԼ棬ָϽֹסæҵҪֺ̧ܴк
ɵ̧̧̧̧֣֣ԼֶֻſȺæѿȶһֻϣȻִ̧ȵĳܰ˰ڣ¶һЦݡ
ôôɵ
֪ǲǱȾˣҲ̲ס΢΢ǣѵղ˵Ļһ£Լͼ̸Ļڡ
һˡѵ
ѵ绰һ߳һ˵ǸղŽˣ
Ÿ˵꣬ѵͷЩԾ
ôˣôô죿
ѵ̧ͷܣҪȥһĶͷ㲻岻ɣ
ûûСȴ΢΢㿪ˡ
е̫ˡ
ֵŶǰƮûкͺѵӡ
վɹ̫ɹ̫ˡ
ɹõ̫𣿡ѵ΢΢̨졣
ɹ
ѵƵֹһͷȴѾԹԵ˾ȥ
Ҫ𣿡ѵһ䡣
ûͬе¡
ûͷӦֻɵڶǰֱ߽û˵¥ŷ
ô£
Լֻ΢һºͼ̸Ļ棬ΪʲôͻȻô죬
Ͻ侲ɣȻỹҪᰡְܰؿڣĬĬ
Ǹڿǰָ̬ȻĿĿͨᡣ
ͺѵ뿪վڵǰԥ˰컹ǿʵ˵ǸҪô
ѵѾˣôʣһֻſ˳ס˵ţսܶСЦ˵
ճжӵ֫Ӵкܴİ
˵꣬ѵüջصסŵȣĳ¥ˡ
ӵ֫Ӵ𣿡
һֹһ˾ȥ
ͲôϲˣƽڴϣżҲֻͷ
Ϊͷָоᡣ
ҪԴ
ܵͷ˿Լ̧֣ͷͿ۾ĳ˹
鳤ղŻ˵Ҷ÷ˡ
۽Ķܿһֻҡβڵȴ˿佱Ĺ
Ҫͷ
ӭż񣬻̧֣ԥһ£ǺܲȻͷ
ţò
С˵ţоĪЩ˼Լջ
鳤һ¡
ȴͻȻץס¥ȥ
ţ
ż߽¥顱¥ŲŸչϣ͵ֳǽڰܵǽǡ
㡭ʲô
ܸоԼûɵһ£鳤ȴͷǽڣƺЩ˵
㲻ڱǰҲ¶ı顣
ҡʲô飿ܲȻ
ǽתͷЩ΢΢Ķ䣬񻹱ŤĲϿԼ
̫ɰҲ̫ˡ


31 ӵ
ҡôˣ
Ƶһ, ɼֻĶǲش
Ҫȥˡ
ܱĪЩţƿ˵ԼҪˣɼƫƫһǽƵ, סߡ
ٵһᡣ
ֳǽڣͷ, ΢΢ѹܣëƵķܶġ
ԭ֪øߴ󣬼, ɵԼ˵ǽ, ʵᵽϵĲࡣ
ڵǱһ, ΢СתܸܵԼ/ȡ
ҪҪȶã
ܲȻĽͷƫһ, ΢΢½ëŤʵ
֪Ҫʲôɼǵǰÿ
ȡ
³һ̧֣ҪȥܷĶ䣬ָ쵽һֿƵİǽϡ
ٵȵȡ
׵ʲô
ܸоԼèץһ͡
ղżֻǵֱ, ֶֻǽ, ǰǰƵġ
ڡ
΢΢ü, üÿһ̧ͷȴּùһ޹Լ
Ͳܺҵһ𣿡
۽΢΢´, һʮίĿģͷС˵
ÿκѵ㶼˵졣
ҡ
Ϊ¾ίˣ
ܿǰԼļͻȻⱿɵÿɰ, ôСһ, Ҫ˭Ҫõһ
á
Ҳż, Ӧ, ۽ǴЦĿ򼾳⻵۵ʣ뵥˵ʲô
ҡ
ܵ΢΢ͣ롭
ŬԼϲ˵Ǻܲ˼İͷǽϣƵӦһ
Ҿֻ鳤ٶһᡣ
˵ľֻ𣿡
ЩСֹǰƵ󾱴ͷ
һΣԺڹʱ俪С
š͵ĵ˵ͷܲע⣬ƫͷȥһġ

ͻȻԼһݱûֹھǽ졣
ܾýǿ϶ɵģͺѵĹͨϣֺͼĥ˻ᣬʣʱѾˡ
鳤
ܵıͻȻЩӣǰôˡ
Ҫȥϱˡ
ȴ΢΢żһ˳¥ſȥ¼ԭأԵЩį
ߵһ룬ʲôƵģͻȻת˻ǱСһԴͷģ΢΢Ц
վһȥˡ
š۽Цܵ˵ͷһ߸ߣһ߿ĵʵʲôҿ԰æ𣿡
ƿ¥ţ΢΢һ۸ֵС΢΢ЦУһµŷָ
ţһúɵġƺȸղŻҪжˡ
ˣˣȻǱ
ﰵĹǵЦȴһֱûȥ
Ȼ˼ĴЭ걨淢͸쵼عͷһʱҲѾϰ˵ˡ
ڽˡ
ŤŤӲĲӣαһͷͿǰ
컹Ӱķ𣿡
ͷϵܡ
ѵڹͨһЩ޸ƺˡ

ܱ۾͵ҡҡͷ˵ԵĿСˣӰࡣ
ÿ˻ˣܻ¶Сèһı飬ʮֿɰȴһԾҲûС
ǻؼ𣿡
΢΢ͷսܵ
ؼҡܱӦһСһ䣬Ǻ۰
ұ¥ЦŽӵ
ƺ龪͵۾ּ֪ʲôʱѾսԼĸǰֻҪ΢΢һͿǵԼ
С
ƺ¼ĻѸղ˵ĻʵϽվ
һ·Լӹ˾ݣȻٵͣһ˿ԼֱҪҸȥ
أؼҰɡܵļʲôͻ룬Ͻʰö˾ȥԼߵö·
鳤ȵҡ
ЩֻҵӣĪÿɰϽ׷ȥ
ȥˮ
˻صҺ󣬼ЬҪȥԡңȣһ¡ȴоƺסԼ
ţ
ɻת΢΢ͷֱŤĳס
ôˣ
ûӣȻϲֻţ֪Ҫʲô
֣ڿԱˡ
ܼת΢΢̧ͷŤ˫֣ȻȺСı˱

û뵽ܾȻӵԼһʱסû˷Ӧ
㣬һ·϶û˵Ϊɣ
ܵʻĵĻع
·Լȷʵûô˵ԼôֵܷܵĹҪôæȫΪܾܾڹ˾Ǽ¡
ȴΪֱŤ˼һ·ջǾȡѵİ취һЩճ֫Ӵ
ϾͷʱȷʵбãϣҲͨƵķʽüһ㡣
ãˡ
ᱧ֮æ˻ڴϣǺܲϰߺͱôܵĽӴ
㣬ȥˮɡ
˵꣬ҪƵתɻûһȴ˻˽ʵʵӵ˻
ӵɡͷܵľĺܵζ
ܸоԼ§úýƺֺͨͨůɹ̫һ㣬ȫ¶ġ
ԭӵ˸еô
ֻ̧رס˼ѵûƭˡ
лҪ˵



32 èΪ
ԴӵԼ, ܾСèʲôƵģ°ʱʱľͻһԼ
ԼںԼΪ, ȻǺܸˣ޲ֱӰ§
ɼֻҪԼ΢һ, ֻͼ̧̧֣ܾͻ̰˻ȥվ, ·ղʲôûзһ
鳤
գգ۾, ۰Ͱ͵, ͼٺһᡣ
û뵽ܾȻװɵһתͷȥæԼˡ
, Ҳȡ˽ѵΪܶԼ׽һֳֵܱ⣬þװú޲
ȻֻҪһ֣ܾͻСèƵķܵˡ
鳤
ϴԡ, һëͷ, һ̧ͷ, ɻһȦȴܾȻڷ
ʱ䲻ӦҪ˯
鳤ڡ
Ͻ, ɲŸžͿɳϣϰűʼǱԣ΢΢ͷ, ƺںĿʲô
ڹ
ſ򾲾һ湤, ƺһҲûʶԼĴ, ŵ߹ȥɳһͷ
Ȼ, ΪӻǻһССĲİҲ鳤Ӧûϵɡ
ٿ鳤һ㡣
͵͵תͷһרעĲóֻҪʲôͷʱܡ
Ÿյ㿪APPû֣͸оɳǱߴ΢΢Ų
Ҵŵ鳤
ЩŵջߣҪתͷȥ۽ƳܶűʼǱŲߡ
״Ͻͷת˻ȥװԼרעĿֻ
Ȼûһᣬ͸е΢΢һأܽԴĿļϣĿ⻹רĵĿԡ
뿴鳤ڵı鰡
Ҫתͷĳ嶯ĲɵĻ˼ֻĻĬĬһӺ󣬲žСĵתͷȥ
ܾĿļ򣬰΢΢һֱۡ
۾Ƕֻܿƶ΢΢ĽëڴذỬ޳ָ
ﰡ
оؿӿһɳ嶯ֱֽ岻ҶһЩԼһ΢СĶ˺òײſԼܡ
ڼļ˱󣬼ӶѾˡ
ȥ˯𣿡
ʼǱɳվԭλͷһ䡣
֮ǰ˯ˣô컹ҪԼ
ȥȥ
۾һϽ˵ͷƹŹֵվӺ
ôôġ
ŤͷֹһϿȴ鲻ӡ
ΪĿһֱڼӰ࣬ѵҲżǹ˾ܣܻ϶æ͡һٵҲһֱûճ̡
ܲû֮ǰһͣĳڴϾֻҪͼܵ£ͻгУ˶ĸһ飬Ҫ۾
ѵǱȻ֪ܺλС//ܵܽչΣǼ⼸ζûԼԲ߾ȻΪ˽չ˳Ż;ϢʱȤܼ䡣
û뵽ܻػȻ΢üһõĳԼ
Ͳû±ҹ˾𣿡

ѵûüھͱܵĻµҭһ¡
ңⲻΪ
ѵеЩ֣ôͻȻ鲻ˡ
˵ˣҲڰɡ
㡭
΢΢˶ǣƺҲʶԼЩĪ
ɸղػҿͺѵŮ죬ȻЩߵЦˣ
ȻЦˣˣ
Ȼ֪Լͺѵȥ󣬻µľֻмŮˣ˳Ҳ죬֪Ϳȫ
ʲôܿžǲ
ͲϺҹͨ𣿴绰Ҳа
ܰìͷָǰĺѵ˴ġ
ⲻϣչø˳
ѵоԼʮίôԼĲԡ
Լˣﻹһ
һֻû˵ڣͻȻӦӲɲס˳

ɺѵѾˣֵķһ䣬ôˣǺͼڻ顭
ѵ˵һ룬ܶߣԺеһЩϸͻȻ
ţ
ѵ΢΢ü۾һ̽Ķܡ
֮ǰǸСܵǲǹ˾ģ
ǰܷɿķϣ۾ȴҺͺѵӡ
ʶģ
ƣưɡ΢΢һ£ǿٸһش
Ŷѵ˵ͷ˼ʹ⣬ܶһһӦԡ
ͻȻ䣬ѵת˷
֮ǰ˵ǲƵǼǷɣ
ôܡʶѿڶܴ󡭡
ţ
ѵһڱץס˰ɡı鿴ܣ΢΢ü֪ܴ󣿡
ҡ
ܸɰͰ͵졣
ôܺðɡѵЦһζ
ͦ͡õġۼȥˣɴ̹ˣĩ˻һ䣬//׮ˮƽ
԰㡣ѵײһܵļ򣬼װԹѹֵһμ治Ͻܸҡ
ʱһûС
Ҫͣ룬Ҳǰ׽ͣɴˡ
㲻Ӳѱ߲𣿡
ѵһĵĿܣʱһĺ˵ԼҸְϵڸְư
뵽¶һ죬Լ϶ᱻѵ̣Ҳ˵ʲôֻǵ
ǲ˲κ𡣡
԰ײԣؼһʼԼҲϡͿľͺͼˣڻûһϸڣֱǿˡ
˲Σ
ѵ뵽˲εĴС뼾ǸģЦܵļ磬ȷʵ˲Ρ
ˣЦˡ
ܱѵЦЩ˼Ͻס
úúáѵֹסЦ⣬ղܴӻӣԵСʵ
ղʲô
ûʲô
Ťͷȥ˵
ʵ侲룬Ǻͱ˵˼仰Цһ£ԼӦôķӦ
Ҳû˹涨ֻܶһЦ
ţ˵
ѵ΢΢սһ㡣
˵ܱŤҡҡͷ
ѵȤ̾˿˵Լ̸ⲻѾݽȥ𣿡
ʲôȥ
ܸоԼûѵ˵Ļ
ݽȥˡ
˭ܷʡ
㰡ѵָָ
ôܣ΢΢۾
ղŶԴˣ˵ܣ
ѵԼ°ͣ۾Цſܡ
Դףƺһ¡
ʣˡ
лҪ˵



33 ϲ
ң
ЩãȻԼͺѵָָ֮, ŵظһ飬Դף
԰
ѵӭɻĿ϶ĵ˵ͷЦ, ѵ𣿡
϶ǰ
ܱѵЦĪЩ飬ƿСֹ, ҸҪԴװ
ղŴӻΪʲôô
ѵǵЦƳܴսһ㡣
ѵͻȻ̷ˣ
̷ˡ
תߣ΢΢˺ѵһ, ǿб, û, Һƽ
Ŷƽ
ѵƳ, ѧ֮ǰüͷڳһղŶˣƽ
ûСܰͷŤһߣܲϡ
ѽ, Դ˾ͳԴ, ʲôóϵġ
ѵӲӾȤ, ЦŹļ򣬰Եʵ, ղڻ￴ˣ
û
ƫͷƲƲ죬ŤӦ
ʵҪ˵Ҳȷʵûʲô, ֻǹϢʱ˼, ҼŮб, ˸λôԶ, Ҳûʲôܵľٶֻǡ
ֻǼЦˣȻ¶ЩߵЦݡ
ܿһĻоǿԼĹڳ˿ĵҡβͣûþ͹תˡ
ѵǳԴ
΢΢Լؿڵλãȷʵﻹеģδйĸܡ
׷ʲô
ѵΪǲԸ˵ܵļ΢΢˻ΣͻȻһ
ѵӵˣǡ
ûУûС΢΢üϳ˺ѵ롣
ֻǿԱЦôˣʣӵǻ֮ϵ飬ǲҲԸȥ롣
áҲ˵ˡ
ѵܵ鲻ٶѵ˵ôϲǸ׼

ܱѵĻһ£ƿԼ֣˭˵ϲˡ
ôܻϲֻ
ֻ˻װĺ˵㣬Ӳ˵㣬ԼĲˣԹ۰Ͱ͵Լûһŵ㡣
ᶨġ\С˼һѵһôӲӡĿǰĺѡ
֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡ѵѺõѯһ顣
ûϲһһٺͺѵǿ
ղʲôѵƮƮһ䡣
ҡܲɵһ٣ֱ׳˵άȨ
˵꣬ŤͷҪߡ
ȨѵЦһ£Сǻϲһ˵ռ
Ҳͱ˵ĸ飬׼һߡ
鳤
ȴʱӻǱ˹һϣϾ¶õЦݣ΢΢Сų
ôĪһּȮļӸС
ѵĬĬ̾ϵıȴԵòôˡ
Լ߳ԴףɼôĵĴӻ
Ȼĵúɡ
ܾǹ͵ĸоӿ
鳤ǲǡ
۽ǴЦߵǰǲǸÿˣȴûƵģļ磬ֱȥ
鳤
վԭغһܲûҪͣ˼תͷ΢΢ü˺ѵһۣϽӺȥ
Ҹ
ѵЩĪҿʲôûɺ
ѵоԼ޹ľͱˣټ鲻ѣ°볡ĻڼʽķΧжȹˡ
ΪķΧʵ̫ѰһѵʹҴ뿪ˡ
鳤ղŻмû̫塣
ۼֻʣԼܣϽ˸ɴյܵߡ
׾ͻ;Ϣһ£ôͻȻͱˡ
ѵǺͺѵйأ
һ뵽ǸӰ쵽ܵ飬ͺܲζ
ڼҲʱ򣬹ؼôܵ
Źͷߵӣһ£ԭ̾վ
鳤
оܺڱܿԼ̧ͷһίܡ
ܿżӣ΢΢˶٣ƫ߲ȻһѻPPT㡣
˵꣬һĿ뿪˻ҡ
ʵͱڿῪһʱѾˣһ뵽ѵȻ˵ϲܾͻȻԾ
Լϲ
ֻҪ뵽£ܾͲĿʼߵļԽ⣬ԽЩ֪룬ֻҪͻЩĪĻҡ
ǰԼôƽǰ˵ġ
ܺѾȫǲˡ
鳤ǽ⡣
㶤ϷҰɡ
鳤ǰ˵Ҫˡ
ֱӽʢɡ
˵һλɽͣôһ綼ıܿܿ벽ٳٶҲˣ鳤鲻ãֻڶԼ
֪ü˱쳣Ǳ˵ĹһԴ
֪Լʲô
°Ϊû˵ԼȥңĬĬĸ¥ֺܿƵֻһԶλá
Լһͻᱻᡣ
ɵȵĬߵԱߣҪϳʱ򣬼̲ססܵ䡣
ʲô𣿡Сġ
ܸϽתͷԭôߴĸӣʱ·ССġ
ûС
ܵĪ߬ģϽϡ
ûС
ȻҵȰ·һߡ

ܼԼĻشûһĵ̧ͷȻԼ¶õЦݣɵǰһ
š
ƵӦһȴɵͷܳԼŵһ
һܵ͵ľһ¡
ΪЦûһ켾ǰˡ
㲻һؼˣһһ䡣
ǣҡ
͵ҡҡͷûѻ˵꣬ͻȻǰһ˫ס΢΢̧
ŷּԭǴЦ۾ʪ÷ˮ⡣
ˡ
뵽ղżֻǺһԼ;һ£Լȴ¡
̫ˡͷԼ
ȴ΢΢ͷ촽۾ɵɵĴסˣıǼ⣬͡
ϣüټôѹˡ

סļһʱ䲻֪ηӦ
ԭΪԼ϶Ǳˣû뵽õǡ
û𣿡
ܼûпҪſ
á
ӦְסԼ֣΢΢˵˾䡰Ҫ
ǡȥɡ
΢΢۾С˵һ䣬Žеۡ
лҪ˵
ѵҪҪ˵Щʲô
۾ʪ޹ڽżèèɰ~~



34 һ
Žţ
ɵɵظһ, ΢΢ͷȥΪ˵߲Ҫ΢΢š
̫ɰ˰ɡ
֮ǰקԼ, ȴŽԼ
˲ģоԼ֮ǰϲǰ, ޲ھͰ˱
ûü֣ע⵽վĽţŤת, ˳
ۼܲ˼Ķ, ϽҲ˳
鳤
, ܱŤų⣬ⲻͷ, ܷڳԵԼϣ΢΢˲䣬Ͱ͵˵Ҫ
㲻Ѿ𣿡
ָ΢һ£Ծɳų, ȴûаԼֳȥ
оһ, һ㡣
ŹκһԺǵĻᡣ
Ǿһ¡
Ļ, 뵽ȷʵԼòԣת, ֪ʹսգź۾һڴĵˡ
ǲǱƭˣ
Īһͷ, żʪ, ֲס˵, Ĵս˹ȥ
ܵǺ, ڼ۾ͷ촽ϣüоԼڱСèСһ
ˡ
΢΢ſ۾С˵һ䣬Ҫظʻϡ
ɼȴͻȻ㿿Ĳӣôĺ󾱣

ܾ΢΢۾
û뵽ǰһ뻹ıһ뾹Ȼô
˴ܱͣŪ򦣬ûһ۾Ĺ˼ϡ
ؼңûؼˡ
΢΢ֿܺ޵ֳֿżţϢȵĻ
ûڻڹ˾ĵ³
Ȼͣڽ䣬Ҳȥһ˾
̧ͷ˵ɼ۽΢΢ӣﻹ֣סԼǰֵ֣ͷȥ
ܱǵ۾ﷺһ㱡ˮ⣬òײ΢΢ƿǰִŵı
ؼҡ
΢΢üͼԼĻһ㡣
΢΢ɳƵɤټ΢üͷͷ۽ǣüĶ̲סҪ˫׵ס
ǵǰû΢΢ͷתһ飬ЩСȻؼңȻ١
ʲô۾һϽյǰҪĻ
ȴͲ˵ߴ㿪
ؼҪټ
һӣһ۰Ͱ͵͵ܡ
Ťͷ⣬ֳ°ͣ˺þòġšһ
һü̾ġš˲ǳƵĲţٵܼҵķȥ
˽˼źܲŸջЬճ˵ĹһӱһӰ§˻
鳤
ͷܰĺ󾱣ճҪתͷǡ
û뵽תȴ̧һסչ͡
ţ΢΢һ£۽ǿ޹Ŀܡ
ܱЩҲǹżֻͻȻһ¡
Ҫ㣿
΢΢ƫߣЩŤ˵
ʲô£գգ۾ǰˣֻҪͿԽ˰ɣɵĳڴ
ȻԼͷ˻ҪʳڵʱֲЩŤ
ʼͺѵڻʲôԵԼǳԴ˰ɣԼĺ֪ʲôü¶Цݡ
ܻǴ۾װƽĿ˿ڣͺѵڻʲô
ΪҪʲôҪ飬û뵽Ȼ
ûʲôûϸӦһͷȴƺЩĿϽֲһ䣬˼͹йصĻ
ʵ΢΢ĺͶԷԹʱ̫ˣǶ뿴ܹôֻ࣬ܰܵ˵Եܲ졣
ȴĻش̫⣬üԼ΢һĹЦôģ
ЦÿģɵĶһ£ӦͻȻʵ鳤㵱ʱҲ㲻Ǻͺѵȥ
ʶԼƺ˵̫ˣæҪĿڣɼȴ۽Цĵͷ鳤ΪҶԱЦԴ𣿡
Դף
ܽڶô˵ˡ
ɫɵı˱䡣
ǰֻƽٶ۵úܣôͻȻôˡ
֪ˡ
ֱŤƿתҪߡ
ǳԴף˵ˡ
ۼҪߣϽֺõİ§סϸȦ˻
Ҹѵûļ䡣
˵Ҳ֪ƫͷֱŤ
ܹ䵭Ĳ΢̵ĽëеģЦŵ
˵˵𣿡
û˵Ҳû˵ãֻǱŲˣɲ
΢΢ͷˣ˵Ÿ£˵鳤϶ܿ㣬ҪȻҲμĿҾ͸еرģǸʱЦˡ
˵꣬սܵĶ˾䣬鳤˵ǲǰ
ܱ˵ʱȵϢö΢죬Ťתͷ΢΢̧ǰˡ
ǲǻͦҵģ
̹Ȼҵ
šǣĵ˵ͷ
֪һͱƨɣСһŵܸϽ§סĲӡ
㡣ܣ۾ʢ㺡
ܵͷϼĿ⣬˵ͷһ£һ£Ȼҵ\\\\
˵ǣֻӵǣֻǸܵ˱˴˵¶ȣȴúʲôҪһ
ȵ˯ʱ򣬼ټûһ§ջؼҵĹһճ˵ܵĻҪ
ݵıҲĽܣܵӵߡ
лҪ˵
èèʶԼĸͱƴֽ~~



35 һҲ
һ˯úܺ, ůůģ˶ţȫĶе㡣
Ϊڶĩ, ϰԵҪԺȴо߿տյġ
, أ
ܱȥԵıѣҪĻ˰춼Ҳˡ

ĺһ, ΢΢, ҹȥˡ
鳤, ˣ
ϴļôں, Ͻߵ߶£۾İԴչȥڵ𴲵С
ôô簡
΢۾ЩС졣
뱧żᴲġ
ȥ緹
ܱű, ΢, һ, ÿɰòУչȥ󵨵͵һܵա
͵, ̰ͷ˻װʲô¶ûзһһʲô
鳤, ǳ, ǡ
û˵, ͻȻֹסĲ, Լǰ͵һ
ܰ
ܰ۾ĵĿ
˿úܽ˵Ϣϡ
ǣ´βˡ
ߵƿߣ±ֵĹƵģ΢΢ͷ
û˵ˡ
΢΢۽ǣק˴ϡ
ûӦɵܵߡ
ƵĿԡ
˯һɡ
ܱ۾ֱһչѼ§ְͷԼǰͷ
緹أ
ͨ죬ܻζСһ䡣

ܰ°ͿڼͷĴ˸Ƿ˯һ԰ɡ
˵ܾ꣬ԼĴů¯˯ˡ
ûãܵĺƽȣ˯ˣͨͨôҲ˯š
ֲ볳ܣֻñŻˣ۾ͼſմԡ

ͻȻ΢΢һΪˣ̧ͷϿȥǱ۾
Ӧû˯ɡ
ջߣ׼ſԼȴͻȻоʲôԼӵλá
ţ
΢΢һ㶣һʱûӦʲô
ӵ//ƣԼܰһͷʲôȻԶ
εʲô
΢΢̧ͷȥԭĲ֪ʲôʱ΢΢ŷɫԼҲøһЩ
ǲЩܰ
룬΢΢ɿ֣ܵ˱
ܵڶǱѵģоһտ˵ˮڹ˹˵ð
ȡ
ܺţҪƿӣȴڱ˼ë޵Դ
ͷǼɡ
ԺţʶıѣоģǱȫĺǻš
ţ
΢΢ת˸泯컨ţƺʶﲻԾ͵۾һƿ˱ӣö˼΢΢ߡ
ˣ
գգ۾һ
㡣
û뵽Լñ˯һᣬȻԼ˯ڱ
ô
ܸʼΪʲôڱͻȻһͣ΢΢˲
û뵽ܻѵô죬͸ϽЧʡ

΢΢ǣ˺þòŻ˿ú˵һǰֻȴ¹һ£ȥ
ôˣ
һ޹ܣЩĪɳơ
㡣
˲оԼ˵£űŤȥϴ
΢΢ԴҸղѾϴ
û˵꣬ȥһΡȴɫŤĴ˶СĲһ䡣
ȥĻ춼ˡ
ȥȥ
һô˵ϽӴȥ䣬ǰܰѱ¸ϡ
С
ǣҪ㣬ܹ
ܿűֵıӰһʱ䲻֪ԼǸÿĻǸ
ˣܰοԼ˭Լѱؼء
ϴԡϴ˸ųʱ򼾳Ѿڳ￪ʼ緹ˡ
ܼҵĳǿʽС̨ڲǰܿڳæµӰ
һëŻûɵͷһڲǰ
ƺ챻˴˼ܿͻô΢΢ļ¶Ļţ֮ǰûйġ
ѵԼϲǰ
ﻹеԥ
ʱע⵽ܵߣ̧ͷ۾΢䣬¶һЦݡ
ðɡ
ĳϵԼϲˡ
û𣿡
ֳܵ°ͣ΢΢ЩˣӵĴߴٵҶˡ
֮ǰûʶԼĸ飬ʶˣҲǳĿ죬ֻ֪Ҫʲô
ά״Ҳͦõģָһһ档
ˡõζ˵ܵǰֵһţ̡
ܺȻֽӹ׼ҪȣͷûɡȴһԵëƹͷ
ɰɣҪˡ££ܵͷתȥô
ˣҪԷ鷳˰֣ɼȴȻĽӵҰ㴵Էɡ
أ
ܿԼһͣ΢΢Щɣ㲻𣿡
Ҳǳǳǣܶߵ͵˵Ϣȵķܵĺ󾱣ҸղŲѾԹ𣿡
ղţ
뵽Լ˯ʱ£ϲЩ΢΢ȡ
ֻǲе䲻ˣ
תͷ۽˼һۣɼȴգգۣһ޹Ļ
㴵ɡ
˰ԼͷŤͷ緹
ûкܳĶҲᡣ
ܸо޳ָķͷƤķңȵĸ//ĺ󾱣Ҫ۾
ϵٽһҲ
ڼĴб۾ԺԺ뵽
лҪ˵



36 һϲ
һ, ܹ˾칫¥¥¿ȵѵһĿܣƵ
㲻û±㹫˾, ôְҽе
εһ٣Ȼĳ˳, ѺѵĿǰһƣװ㲻þ⸽, Ҿȸȡ
ľҺȿȣ
ѵ۾, ǴЦ, ´ǰܡ
ܱѵЩڣ𿧷һ, ŤСоǡҾϴ˵û
ϴ˵ʲôˣ
ѵ±ӣЩãȻķʡ
⵹Ҫܣϴ֮һĩϴ˵ô໰, ôͻأҲȷʵָ֪һ䡣
ǡ΢΢ü, Ϊѵǹ˵, ǻǿǿĴݷＷ˳
˵Ķԣȷʵϲ
ܱŤİѻ˵˿, ѵǵЦϽֲһ䡣
ֻһϲһ㡣
Ŷ, 𣿡
ɺѵƺ˵ʲô, ĵ˵ͷ, Ͷеĺ˿, ûҪ½ӻ˼
ִܾٵĶźѵ˰죬ԷûһҪԵ˼ֻ̲סԼ˿ڡ
ǸӦҪô
ţѵ˵˽ԼȿȵĿģƵķ˱ӣ̧ͷܣЦʵʲô
ϲȻأ
ҪǿһϵڷʣѵĻΪ˵Ц
Ȼأң
ѵһĿǰĺѣܻ϶ĵ˵ͷͻȻһͷ
㡭òǲ֪ô̸ɣ

ܱʵɫһƮƿĪЩ顣
Ҿû̸
ǲû
ѵﰵֹĵΪָ˷
ϲͺף
ȥף
ѵĻû˵ܾ꣬һŵĴ
԰ѵ˵ͷȻأ
Ŷܱϲ鲻ԸӦһȴǣΪʲôҪֻף
ѵƺûҪʵģ˵ˣǾͳΪˣܾ
¡
ѵ˵һ룬̲ס
ܾܾ
΢΢üҪѾˣȫ˱оܾȨ
ԷȻܾܾ
ѵָӣԼǾܾܶ𡣡
ѵ΢΢˶٣Цŵλ϶ǲܾġ
ܻᵱĵβҡȥɡ
ѵ뵽ǸĪеЦȴͻȻǰܱһ䣬ûʲô취ұ𣿡
ѵʵһ㶡
㲻ϲ𣬺˵һϲҲ˰ɡ
ѵо˽չôܿ϶ҪһЩεġ
ܱŤҡҡͷ
ΪʲôҪȶһֻ̹¶
Ҫ
ûа취𣿡
ܼѵ˼Ų˵ԥһ䡣
ҲǲܣֻҪϲ㣬϶ף㵽ʱͿԡ
ѵȻ뵽һ£ʵûк׹𣿡
պѵϲģôˣûб׹
˵֮ǰ׹ܾܾˣ
ܱʵһ٣Իһ£ȻҡҡͷûС
һζûУ
ûСܿ϶Ӧ
ûж˵ϲѵĵļʡ
Сƺʲô˵ϲҵһεĸо
ѵǸʵһֻ׷ܵʳɣ
ѵоԼеˡ
ƽʱô
񡣡΢΢˼һ£ҫƵİѼƽڼҵıֶ˺ѵ
ֻ˸
ѵϲ²ۣһټǳܵġ
Ȼ㲻Ǿһవʾɡ
Ҳϲ㣬϶׵ġ
ѵº˿ȡ
ʲôʱȽϺð
ܻζű׵һ㿧ȣƺЩա

ѵ±ӳʹ˸ɫţ΢΢ƶӿһ㡣
Сı
¥˱Ȼƺúܺá
ţ¥µĿôú
ĬĬܼӰʱԼȥ¥ȵĿȡ
ˡϵĶ˼ע
㿪ͼܸ꣬Ϣ
°ȥͣҡ
첻Ӱ
΢΢Щɣ̻ظˡõġ
ϳɡ
ͣûһᣬܾűʼǱӵ߳˹
ȥԿףԼû뵽ֱ˼ʻ

á˵ͷջ֣Īýе㲻һؼҺܻ
ܻ˳ϵ֣滺Ļڷյĳ
ΪǼӰˣҪһ£ź̳ԡȥȥˮ
֪ͻȻһ´ӱԴĺϣĵ
/zuoɡ

лҪ˵
˺ʹ˵ˣⱾСƪ~̫ģֻдıȽѣԪ̫æ~



37 һ
, 𣿡
΢΢һź˲ۿɼĺ
Ȼأ
̧ͷĺ󾱴˿
š
󾱵Ƥ΢΢̲סķһ, ʶԼʲô֮󣬸Ͻס˺
ɰ
ܷڼļ, Цһ£תͷȥǼƤ
ѵ㲻𣿡
ѵ˵, ʾ»°빦, þԷ, öԷ鲻Խ¶
鲻Խ
Ŭ룬õʱڴϵʱ
ʱҪĶԼס, ֻܹԹԾͷ
˴·ܾһ°ؼҾ/ֻ
ҡ
֪֧˰죬Ȼתһץסļ򣬺Ŷ
֮ǰ˵Ȳôæ١
ȣ
ܱĻŪһ㶣ķӦҲǲ, ΪʲôȴҪӣ
ѵʵ룿
ֻȥѻˣ
ɽһֱڹ˾, Ӧûлȥ͵Ȱ
, ˡ
׿ĺ˼룬ȥҪȥ⼾Ŀӡ
ô, ֻҪ¾ɲ벻ˡ
ɻûȫ£ͻæļ
ԡ
Ǻ, ͵ҡҡͷ

ס, ΢΢Щõķʵ, Ϊʲô
ƾʲô԰, ҾͲ԰ˣ
ᣬ鳤ɸġ
ܵļ΢΢˰벽ߺߵòҺܶӡ
ʲôѵ㻹
ܼȻˣ΢΢۾ֱӰ˹ȥ
ʲô㣬һֻСˡ
һɵȵĴʵʱǲɵĶһ¡
˲ΰǴܲɡ
Ȼ֮ǰиģϾֻ￴ŵ˲ᵽʲô㡣
ѹּÿζ˵Լ̫ĸⲻǰϰߣȷʵӦˡ
ֻҪӦˣǸо϶
ԺĳţͻȻ/͵ĺԼһ
飬鳤
ţ̧ͷȥּĪıȸղŻҪˡ
鳤ܲȡɡһ¡
۾ʪܣ˵΢΢Щɬ˵֮Ѹٰͷȥ
ʶԼӸղſʼһֱû֡
Ҳ
ܲɵֵͷһۣԼڶôһ֢ûС
ôµۼɡ
Լڶ쾹Ȼһɵȥϰ࣬ѵƾôǿ
ܸоЩԾյָ΢΢ɿͻȻ뵽ʲôȻս
˲һ飬ƺһۣܣ鳤
ΪʲôҪɿ
ӭżеĿȥǰ˰벽˳˵һһ£󶨸ͣĳװЩʵ
ѵҵ𣿡
ʵһ㶣һʱûӦܵ־΢΢սһ㡣
ǣǡ
Ͻͷ˵ǡ
ȴղƬ̵ͣ٣һֻק͵һʹԼƽ̧Ƴһۣ²ȵ
ãѵ㻹ã
ûУûС
ϣ͵ҡҡͷ
ǳǳǣش⣬ȴһҲûҪɿ˼ͷ޳ָ
ֻܸãҲֻ档
֪𣿡
֪ϽԹԵĵ˵ͷڴܿôܲٶˡ
ȴ˿ûзŹĴ㣬յĶߣ촽ĲĲӣװЩ
ֻܸõĻǲ𣿡
ܱش㵱ҵˡ֮Ļû뵽ȻһĻش
ҲҪˡ
ڼֻҪһֱ߾͹ˡ
ʲôͲҪˣϾܣϲκˡ
仰ܵĶȴһ˼
̸
ûʶԼĸǰ¼ȥ̸ȴ޼Ȼ̸
ϾѾȫڴ//ֻǳĹϵˡ
ϣҲҲĶ
ֱ˿̲ŷǸµĶȻô̰ôС
һܺʵǰأ
ҲҪ𣿡
޲ôûǸ˾ǰңҪάƽ
ǰܣĿƺ˼֣һᣬǻҡҡͷ
ܣ˭Ҫ
Ҫ
̹Ȼİ˵ڣû뵽֮ͻȻİһƣתĹĵĳԼȥ
鳤
ȴһѴ򿪡
ôˣ
֪ΪʲôͻȻôĻ𣬸Ͻܵſڰס
ģ㲻̸Ҹ
ַͷһڼǰ˴ֿڡ
֪ΪʲôǰߵѻΪ̸ûʧϲŭ޳⻹һôõһ˵ĻӦ
̸̸鳤
֪ǱܺסˣһʱûӦܻеĺ壬ֻǶĿǰɫˡ
һξԭҲôɰ
԰̸Ըÿ
ŷҲˣһԵͨͨ˵˳
鳤֮ǰ˵Ҫ𣿡
ֱֱĶܵ۾ҪԷǾ仰˵ɡ
ҷ˲𣿡
û뵽ǰ˵ĻڻͻȻִϣŤƿҪߣɼǰǽƵƶƲ
鳤ǲϲҰ
۾ĵͷܡ
ÿܰͷŤһߣش𣬼Ʋת׼Ҫߣȴһ½§
鳤ϲ㡣ͷܵľ䣬ЦԹԵ˵š
鳤ϲ𣿡
֣˭ϲ㰡ӲĲϣŲü
Ǿϲˡ§øһЩɵЦʵ
𣿡
ǡܹ䵭Ӧ
ѾˣȥӦ˳µĳΪˣû뵽Ȼûһ
Ϊʲô鳤һò𣿡
ʧһԭΪԼһǣ֪ǹƵı//׸ͣһֱΪʲô
ѽˡ
ܸоһֻճ˵ĴȮϺͲ׵ʪ//Ķǿˮ
ڳΪ֮ǰ
ƿ΢΢һƳһգǡ

ǡϰ˲˶䣬֧֧컹Ҫϰࡣ
Ҳܡ
ָһŪüռ
ܲϰ࣬¡
лҪ˵



38 һΣ

ɫĴҵһ, ޳ָ۽ֻɿ

̱ĵڴϣûлع, 鳤/ܱë޵Դļ, ɵɵЦҾԼҸ
һҸˡ
鳤۲۰
ûﲻ
ܱȦڻ, ûüƽһ, ڶɵЦʶ
ȻҲ֪ڹԼ, һ뵽ԼղžȻŷ̲סʧذĿ˳, ھͺ޲ðԼϽ
ȣɿ
ҪӼֱû뵽һڣŸ˵˼־ͷԼȻЩˡ
ܻղŵһĻһĻ䲻ɵ΢΢
ţ
ܻ˵һ, ͻȻû, Ͻͷ˹, һĵʵôˣ
𣿻᣿
ܿżԱһ, ۽ǴЦɵģŤתͷ˵
ɼȴ԰쵽, Ķ, ͷġ
𣿡
ղſûϡ
Ȼ̫ǿˡ
, ߴߴ, һ뵽ֻԼղűôһ¼Ĵȡ

ʹ⧲ľһʶԼָϽͣ۽΢΢´һģܣίʵ
ңʲô𣿡
˵ҸղĲã
ϾʵĵһΣٻеûס
ܸ֪ʲôֻǾ˱ӣŤתȥⲻȥش
鲻
Ǽֱ̫ˣ
ܿᵽ˺ѵ˵˫ؽϵĸоԴһʢ̻һȼմˡ
ܱűӣŶȥɵ˰춼¿΢΢תͷȥּԴǴµСƵģͰ͵ĿԼԼתϽСһ䡣
㲻ҡҡ
˵ԼŬһεģ뵽컹Ҫϰֻ࣬ίİѻ˻ȥ
ǡ
ܸϽϣǲ˵ģǱ˫ˮĹۿֻ߱סԼİƵɳƵ
⣬⡣
ղŲشֻǲϰºܵ´ˣϾ֮ǰûй飬ѾҪʼϰˡ
Ϊˡ
𣿡
Щʧ䣬һ˵⣬۾һ¶Ц⣬ճ˵ĴȮһҡβ˴һ𱧽˻
𣿡ܵĲӣ۾һ顣
ܿһͷ佱ӣϴľŰѸ첲ӱ˳΢΢Щʪͷ΢ĵ˵ͷȻƿС
ˣˣˡ
ͼ϶ǺֹűӱһƤ//˸оЩĪ//
Լԭô׻ʢ
ܸϽջżԴ֣ԼϷָ̣ⶼ¶ȡ
ˣҪȥϴˡ
΢΢ֿţͼȵԶ㡣
ɼƫƫճ˵±
û˱ӵ赲о˼ı仯
ԭҲԼһֻԼ/Ѱ
ʶĪĸеЩģͷʵ
㻹١
ܵĻû˵꣬Ϳҡҡͷ
ˣҾٱ㱧һᡣ
ղŲǡ
żﴫһξüȻ˰ġ
ʵ֪ǶˣղҲֻǶ֮һ
ԣ
ḧ˸ĺ󾱡
ͬΪˣԲܳԵĸܡ
컹Ҫϰࡣ
΢΢§ܵϸܶߵƺڰʾŲԼˡ
ðɡĬĬ˵ͷȴͻȻЦ˵
ʵĵһΣѾˣĿ
ţܸоԼƺʲôؼϢ
һΣ
̧ͷż΢΢ɻظһ飬ǵһΣ
Ͻѻһ٣գգۣûа
ո˵˵һΣ֮ǰ˵Ǵβǡ
ܸо֮ǰԻĵطƺҵ˽ͣʸ

ȴͻȻսסĴһӶסҪ˵Ļ
㡭
û뵽ȻУ˼Ķ˶٣Ǽʵ
ɻأĴβǵһ
ܵĻû˵꣬һǡ
ȥ
ܲһ죬ֱǶ˻
˵쵽ס
ܵĴٴαķס
ˡ
ʲô
ֻҪܿ˵һ䣬ʹһ£ֱǵûŶ䣬յĿ
ʲôûС
գգ۾һֺõĿܡ
ܣҲţ
лҪ˵



39 ׼
΢΢۾, Ķż˰죬˿ûҪ͵Ĵ㣬ƿ, 
鳤
ֱŤˣϽԵĲ˹, һѽ§ͷ
鳤ˣ
ˡ
֡ܲش𼾳Ļ, 䵭ҪӼĻѳ
ɼȴǰצһ, ֻֽ§ס, ǲߡ
Ҳ֡һٱһᡣ
ټûйԹܵĻճ˵Ľܡ
áܼ״ͣѵĶ, ΢΢תͷżĲ̸е
쵽׷ʲô
Ϊÿˡ
û뵽Ȼתͷգգ۾ʵ, 죿
Ȼװɵ
ܲĵĺһ, Ťͷֻ, ҪѼ§Լϵÿɼܴ
ۼ, ֻһһıŲ
ŲˣûСֹ, Ҫȥϴˡ
Ϊղųһ, մЩ͸Һ, ܾ, ΢΢Щ
ϴ裿
һܲƢҪߣҪȥϴ裬ϽɿִӴҪȥܡ
ұȥ㡣
Ҫ
ܻΪⲻԼ¶ֱŤ㿪֣ŴҪվ
Լȥ
û뵽Ÿվûһ͸о˫ȷֱֱ¹ȥ
鳤
վһԸϽԼһ
˳˫ֽ§סĲӣ//ĿǰɾܻǸеԼ΢΢ķ
ԼȻ/ˣ
̫//˻㣬Ȼ/վվס
߷ߵҪھͰԼ΢΢һ̧ͷȴּ۾䣬ǴЦ⣬һҸĿԼ
ֻȻЦ
ǲЦԼ/ˣ
ЦʲôЦȥϴ裡
ɬشһ¼
ǡ
ϽӦ۽ǵЦŨһѽܴᱧֱֱĳԡȥ
оܸղŴһһҲۣһֻ׵Сèں
ǿɰ
㻹Ц
ܱԡңܼЦſյҪȥ
ãҲЦˡ
ڼ֤ԼЦ֮ܲü£ֻڰϴʱ򣬼ȫĿⶼò񻰡
鳤۾Ҫˮˡ
ֻܵ۾ǰ棬Ҫۡ
šӦ۾ɵһᶼûиоˮһ䣬
ˡ
ûعϽĿܴ˿̺޷ƿš˻
ܱۿԡͷë΢΢ͶһСƬӰͦǿ滬ݣ촽ˮ⣬Ƥ÷ŵķɫ
ճյĿš

ôĻ鳤һֻɡ
Ц˼רĵĳϴͷϵĭ
ϴͷϴ󣬼ܴԡﱧ壬չСһϣ·Ϊͷ
ˡ
۾żĵķ/񣬴ȷ΢΢ĴڲϣĸһжܸеȰ⡣
ȴͷΪԼڿԱ˯ˣɸձ˳ëСèȴԱһƣƢ
׷ʲô֮ǰ㶼Աҡ
˵ܾ꣬˱Լȥ˯ˡ
ӣҪ͵͵Ųȥ˻ɵȵҹ˯ԺĻꡣ
ֻǵȵڶֻѼߵһߣҪͼ˵
Ҳίҹ˯˵ܣ˯ȥ
ΪԼŲڶͻԼ̹ˡ
û뵽ộֻÿ۰Ͱ͵Լǲ£Ūճ˵ıЩϰˡ
Լ˵ڵģҲûôջ
Ⱥѵ󶨸ʱҲдĶ˾ûüμӣͷϵĹ
һǹҪһ伾ϴμŮ黹Щ⡣
ԭԼлҪжռ
΢΢Щĵֹ
ô֮󣬺ѵһĴչζʮʵ
ôûǲǱױ˰ɡ
Ǻءһ
ˣѵһ˾ȻˣϽʵʱϸڡ
ûʲô˵ġ
һ뵽ԼôľԼȿĿڣòᡣ
ɺѵȴĺ棬ײײܵļ򣬡Ƕˣô飬ˣ
ǡ
ü˺ѵһۣ㵱㰡
ֻǾҡ
ôˣѵ뷴һƺиİԣżع˾ˣ׷ǲǷʲô֤ݡ
˺ˣȥɡ
ⶼʲôʲô
ܸϽסѵ췢ɢĲ룬ͳ˹˾
һ뵽£ܻǾƣᲽңȥ̡
ƿţûˣֵ̧ȼ̣һڣҪͷţһֻȴź˽
ŸߴӰ֣΢΢ɴ۾ûü񣬾ͱź󾱣

΢΢죬ô̻ɵ˼С
˱˴˼ҵǣڴݼţ˵̲ݵĿζ
лҪ˵



40 

ܱռλ, ɼôͷɼǹ
˴ֱܽһ, ɿܣ΢΢۾, ϷС˵еࡣ
֪ˣ
ܶͻȻǿԼļ뿪ڶŪ, û뵽Լû˵, ȴѾæƿҵ, Ŷˣһԭػζ
Լǲֻ̫ˣ
ܼˡ¡һû, ЦЦһͷȴָŵѾȼֻʣ°ˣվ̻ҹͷҡҡ׹
ԭ̧ټ飬ָһ촽ϲ£ĬĬִ, Ȼζİͷ, ӽͰ
̾ϵ, ڳ˼ǣٳ̶˵Ѿûʲôˡ
ǲǸջԼ˵Ǿ仰أ
΢΢һ㶯ҡ
˶Ѿһ, ϵ׷ʲôƺҲôҪ
ͼ˵Լĺ棬һСġɧšȴҡ
ΪĿŵΥܶµġ򡱣ҸֻСĺ, ÿʱӵ͵͵ָܵ, ֻڼӰཻļʱû֡
, ֻҪһü, ֻ̰ջأֱͦ־룬ĹԹ
һּܷȷʵǡûļȫˡ
ֻһŬ͵ĲǼҲСίŪ
⵽ڳͷĥҰ
ʰöűʼǱݷȥţҪͷƪɣԼҲǵˡ
Ȼͺֻ˵
ܳŵ߽ͣԤżϢһῪĵÿҡβͣȻٻؼһ⼸
ǵߵλԱߵʱ򣬷ļ΢΢վڳС˵ʲôƺڴ绰
鳤
۾΢΢һͣÿĺһ
Ц߽ȥ鲻Խͷʾͨ
绰ͷƺ׷ʼʲô֧֧ţ͵͵һۣȻЩ˼һ
ܻΪԼڳü绰Щڣ̧Ҫȥ׼ȼɼȴץס󣬲š
ҵ
תͷ򼾳۾Լͣѵ绰ꡣ
ûãڲܡ
֪绰ǱߵʲôĪ۽ǣ¶ǳǳЦ⡣
ţΪʲô绰ʱҪһֱЦ
ܸоЩ֣ΪԼʲô̧ȥһȴͻȻ΢΢
𣬲ԣ̫ˣŵġ
ŵ˭Աһͷˮ
ɵ绰ͷƺڼȰ˵ܼĿ͵ԼͶԷ˰죬ǲɵЭɣһжԸȡ
ô˵ƺȤһ䣬ɼȻûһ㲻˼̹ȻӦҾġ
˵ʲôأ
ܸоԼĺð˳
˵绰󣬼ĵʻĳϳԼƵһ˼ʻϡ
㡭ղں˭绰
ȫװһ䡣
á
ӹİȫǡϣּһ䣬衣
Ŷ
΢΢һ£ԭǼ˵ĵ绰
ͻȻԼղһֱԱƺЩ˼
ʱȴԱһϵȫһļ˵˵ĩȥԸ
Ŷ˵ؼҳԸ
ʶӦͻȻоƺﲻԣתͷһĿżһһٵķʵ裬ңĩȥңԸ
԰գգĹۣصĵ˵ͷ
ΪʲôĪĺĻ
Ȼ㰡شʮȻ۽ЦҲ㡣
Ϊʲô
ܸоԼ˿ֻ˵ˡ
Ϊʲôǻһ˾ͬ£
Ѿֹͬˡ
ѵ
ܴӾ侲̧ͷżŵ΢۾ʵǲǺң
񡣡ЩƿߣСаɡ
˵ʲô
ܴӸʻѼڳϣֳų׼/ʡ
˵ϲ˹˾һǰ
ǰܻչˣҵǿܻӭ
˵⻰ʱ򣬺ĹһֱһգգĶܣϵܶЩ˼
أ˵ʲô
ֱǣװһӡ
˵ôǰ϶ҡ
˵⣬ʱ¶һίı飬ںһˣҾ̲ס˵ˣҲܿľ㵽
۲ܵı飬Խ˵ԽС
ţţоһкܺе㲻Ծ
Ҳ̫˳ˡô
ǡ
ǲǴͷβû˵ǰеģ
סһ
ңû˵𣿡ʹķʡ
㻹ңʱ򶼻ɼ汿װ
˵ʲôϵֲҪƲƲ졣
һҪɿƺЩε̾˿
ʲôҪġ
һ§סճ˵ĹƵģ˱
鳤ôŵҪص
ͷܵļϣֺõĲ˲䣬΢΢̧ͷȥҧܵĶ
㵽˵û˵
ܵͷһɵļ
šգգ۾΢΢˼£Һ񲻼ǵˣҵĻ˵
ǹİɣ
лҪ˵
ܼ˵û˵Ǳߵ£ѾˣԲõ~
м¾~Ľ֮½дķճ~



41 ڽ
ԥһ, ǵͷͼĽһǡ
𡭡
ǻûֱʼûȴ׷Ĵѹ˹˲䱻Ϊ, ̰ӳǡ
㡭
ܱǵ/֫΢΢̧Ѽƿ
ָŸ, ˫־ͱץס˳Ĳϡ
ǿճ˶оƮƮģûһͰ˵Ļ׵һ, רܵʱ̡
˴ͣǵؼ, һȦ, ܻûܴӼ׳һ㻰
˳һĺ, ǰͷЩ΢΢ʪˣȴ˿Ƶģܽ§
ȡ
΢΢ֿԺֿ롣
Žĺ󱳣;, ڸˡ
鳤
ɼȴһҪֿ˼û, ܱøһЩ, ͷĺϣ΢΢Щڴʵ
ĩҪȥҼ𣿡
ţ΢΢һ, ﻹ°ʱͣ£ת˻ȥ, ȥ𣿡
밡, Ȼ롣
Ͻ˵ͷ, ǵű˴ȥɢĹһ۰Ͱ͵, ֿܿƵĲ
Ȩ㣬ġ
ȥĩȥ㲻ȥǡ
˵ȥʱ΢΢۾͵ܣС˵
Ǿ͵ȥȥ
ǻҪȥ
ЦЦǰôûֻС˼ôࡣ
ʵǸϢʱѾ˾Ϊ˶װһŵӣ΢΢Щյһһֱȥأ
ġ
ô˵̿Ŀǰˣ͵ҡҡͷ
ô֪᣿
ЦСż
ģ϶ġ
ΪĲԸļˣϽֲףĵҪܴͷ
úúá
ܱ׵ò϶ǿˮİС΢΢ƿЦŵȥĩȥ
ĩ
΢΢۾ɵɵһ£Ϊǲȥģû뵽ȻôʹӦˡ
鳤á
ĵ۾ҡβʹ뱧ףˡȴһŤĵ˻ȥ
ұȥϴ裿
ܾļûһ٣һɵЦļ
аɡ
΢΢ߣŤĳ֡
ʵҪ˵ʱܵĵһӦǾܾתһ룬ԼҪֻһģԺ϶ⲻҪļ˼档
Ȼ㲻ǻӭӡ
ǲֻ֪ûǰ裬ʱ뱻ϳš
뵽⣬ܳ˼ĬĬ˼һۡ
ôˣܣ۽ǴЦĻ
ûʲô
ƺЦݸȾЦҡҡͷ
ôʲôⲻٻ
ô˵Խٽĩܻ޷Խ
ǰһ׼·ЬӲ˵ͰѼô죿˸׼ˡ
ʲô
˯Ĵӱﱻһʱﻹǻġ
һμİ񰡡
ڴϿǽǣ´ھȥ򣬻ñһ˴ϡ
ãҰֳ˲ڼҡ
ܰشϣ§˯
Ĳãһ䡣
áְܵ۾ϣˣټ˯ᡣ
Ȼһֱǿ׼ȥĸҵ·ϣܻʱȥ˸ְֵ
˲ڼûϵһҪ͵
ܾԼôȼ곤˾Լһ

վڼҵǰʱܷԼȻлҪš
΢΢˸Ÿż˽ȥ
衣
溰һû˵һ䣬˾Ϳ첽˳
ǡ
ܼһ£˲ȥ뿪ڵʱȴüСľһ˧
磬ô˧㲻Ա𣿡
ܻûӦʲôչվһԵļҲ˿ڡ
Сһֱ˵ʲôˣⲻǸ˧С𣿡
裬ǸǡϽҪ͡
ˣ
һԼôҵģ
΢΢תͷ˼һۣһգգ۾ȻЩЦЦ
裬ûԱֵ֮ģеҲˡϽһԸ͡
λͣ˼ĵ˵ͷĿĿܡ
ҽܡ
ܸϽǰһҽܵͬ£ˡ
˵ܽŵĶһ£΢΢Щ˼ڽ
ͦõġ
Ц´һܣĵ˵ͷתкǹԷ

û뵽һعôף΢΢ԭأֱһŷӦ
躰ǳԷˡվ΢΢ͷЦŵ
֪ˡ
ϢĶ䣬Щ΢ĸϽǰȥ
ϣĵһ¼ڹ˾ı֣˵Ľƺʣֺòû̫̽
ɼԴӴڷ¾Щ಻סȼѻһ˵̲סĿ˿ڡ
ܸ硣
ܱƺŪһ㶣ǺܿӦ˹в˵Ŀ΢΢˶١
ţͣĶ
ǡ΢΢˼һۣչС㳤˧Ǯ
һ㣬Ѿ͸ˣϲԶҲ׽
ȷҪҸһǲǱƭ˰
ܱʵЩɻ
һܻ֪ܿ飬Ͻ˵Ҹƽʵʵ
Ըᡣ
˵ȴЦŸ˸󼦳ᣬס졣
΢΢һŤͷ裬ʱƺҲһ£̧ͷЩǸ˵
ΪСһֱ˵ǸˣһΪǸղš
ûû¡ܸϽҡҡͷ
ûн⣬Ц˵ղȷʵһ£һ뵽С¶ڸƼһЩ鼮־˽ⲻͬȺ磬ǸʱӦҪµˡ
ţü¾Ϳʼˡ
һֱûң
ҽţ
΢΢תͷ򼾳ӵºһ¼Ľš
ʹɫ΢΢һ䣬ĬĬƿߣϽǰҲ͡
裬ҲԵ㡣
лҪ˵
ҶԵ㣬˵ˡ

ۣΪǶƪأԲдúܳȻеСǹŶǴܲء
ɪɪɣ룬ΪҺ񿴵ᵽ/Ȧǿ˵𣿣
ƪдķŷһ°ɡ
뵽һ180иСɫƤУǰɿ˺ȴ͵͵ڹһСMӦûȤɡ
ȻһԤաԶҾ
Ҳȡ֣ҲдİŹҰɡ


42 ҪԶһ
ţ
ܼϵ˶˲, ΨԼĪЩСŤ۽΢΢Ƴһ¼
鳤, ʲô
̻⣬ϽչȥڵҪΪܼвˡ
˶ĬĬ, ļͷ³ŤͷյС
裬ôҸԽԽϰˡ
ֲ𣿡һοĿԼĶӺ, ЦתͷԼ˵, ֶð
ǡ͵ĵ˵ͷ, Ͻܽһ䡰־Ǹˡ˼Ҫŷ򡱵Ļ
ʱ򻹲֪˵Ǽͼְ񣬻Ϊ˵ǳ, ﻹеϧ
ְֵܼĻӦÿԴ󵽼ʮӰɡ
Ժ󻹻ټĻɣϾѾˡ
һ뵽ܵǾͲԾ΢΢, ͵͵Լ, Ͻʹ˸ɫרĳԷ
극, ͻȻҪϸӰ
Сܰһ𣿡
, õġ
ȻЩͻأǴӦ
裬շϰְɡ
һԽܵɻ, ˵ŻҪһġ
Ҳġ
ܹȥ, ϽҲܵ, סܵļһ
, һŴհɡ
ðͬ˶ӵ뷨ְֻٵǰ棬ҿͷ
ûתͷһЦһЦܶٲôһЩЦҲȻ˲١
պ󣬼һƬְַȥһЦŶԼ˵ֺһΪǰԼŮͬ£ڴؼôһ˧СϽֿһ
һҲܿĵġ
⻰ƺʲô΢΢սߣЩǵ
һֿƬô죿
ġ
ЦܱģͷļϣСҰˣֻҪϲģҰһϲ
Ұ֣ŵˡ
˵꣬΢΢̧ͷ۾Цܡ
ܸо仰е֣΢΢ĥһ£ŷּȻ˵Լš
ֻҪ/˰ɡ
ܶ΢죬ŤİѼͷӼȥ
ɼȴ˿˼ճ˵ĹƵֿ
һԿûƤĶԼ˵磬ǲǾеˡ
ʲô
˵Ļˣ˫ֽܣԼѣĽĻԼҲһ
ɿ
ֵܱ죬滹мͼ迴ţ޲ԭʧ
衣ûӼĻͶȥһ񣬡ջ˵ĻҾҸǸ0
ܱĻŪһ㶣ǿԵųֱĵĻ
û뵽赹ӦԵĺȻ΢΢üɣҾһ˽Сġ
ˣϿǻʲô0.50.7𣿡
Сܿܲǹ̶أ
ܣ
ȣһ£֪ǲ̫ˡ
УǿԵҵĵĻ
ڼҴһ磬һصҾֱͦͦĵ˴ϡ
ۣ̫ˡ
ľսۣʱ̶ɽմ̼ۡ
˰
ֳŴĿ
šܱűĺһһֻСè
Ϣᣬȥ
΢΢۽ǣչȥһܵĲߡ
һ¡
ɻûֱȴͻȻŤһץס죬͵Լǰ
˵ʲôң
ûûа
ƿߣ˫ֳŴ棬³ȥѹܡ
ϵµܣȴȫת˹
˵ǰɡ
ܶżĿһ»ȥ
⼸£ѾȫʶⱿûпôɡ
ܰǰһ죬ûȼӦסˡ
飬鳤
Ķ˲һȿ޹ܡ
ȴ˿ûҪŹ˼ָĻֱ΢صĴſ˿ڡ
㲻˵Ļһϡ
ƺ΢΢һ¡
ҿӲǡ
ܹͣһ£һƳҪ˵ĻƺͶѾ˵ˡ
ûˡ
͵ҡҡͷ˺þòС˵һ䡣
֮¡
Ŷôһ˵֮ǰ׵һߵ¡
˵˵ɡ
Ҫ˵𣿡ɵһ䡣
˵΢΢۾һֱûɿ
˵˵ϽӦ
ͺ˵ؼңֻ͵Ҿߵģ˵ұȥϴ裬ȻͰ˵˵̺ϣ
£Ϻģʵһ󹷹/յģܶЩ˼Ͻ
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Ȼ󣬡̧΢΢һۣȻ˵ҵģһоȴͻȻȥСߡ
ܱԼΪһ¡
ڹˣȻ򷢱˳ȥС飬Լа
˵ûʺҵġ΢΢ƲƲ죬һίίĿģ
ǣȷʵûεЦЦаȫʶ
Ǽ˵ȻҾȥˡ
ȥˣ̲ܲסҪЦ״̬¼ܳŰ
ѹּдŵС飬ԭǼġ
ȻأȤĿż
û뵽Ǹϻô°
Ȼһʱ򣬷˷ڴϣԼһڡ
˵⣬Īɬ
ڸܴսһ䡣
ڡ죬ŸǸֵĿͣס͡
˵ˡ
ܶ΢΢û뵽ȻԼһڴϡ
ԼʱһΪѾˣŻԼֵġ
ҲΪ鰡
Ǻأǵzuoû
ѾԼĺʷˣֻûзʲôʵԵΪ
ûС
ǷС΢΢ͷӦһ䡣
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ǲͷģֳĺۼֺѲ롣
ҴΪʲôѾ˺˵Сߣ
ܻǵԼڶʰʱӴ۳Ѿ˺ӵϷ顣
һоҪʼģҲ˵˵͵͵һۣ۵ö޳ˣҾͣˡ
ޣû뵽ԭԼһͿ޹ˡ
̫ˡ
ɿϽԼͷһɣѾˡ
Լ˹ջؼҵģȴ۵ÿ޳ʲôûз
ԴʵΪ˱Լɡ
ΪʲôƫƫҪ֪
ܶѾӱʵˣûаܺǱҪһ˯˵
ټ˵ȥСè͸ըëˡ
ȥˡ
ܻҪڱһᣬֱҪߡ

ȴͻȻӱһԴЩŤĺס
Ǹ벻Ұ谡
𣿡ϲ΢΢۾Ȼ밡
аɡ
Щ˼ƿߣǵȥҵǸٺǼҡ
ǸƺЩɻ
ֵ̫ˣͼһܡ
ܼûξҴһ٣öӾ
⻰Ͻ£סܣҿ۵ˣ𣿡
֮ǰˡ
Ц󼾳ںˣҰȥֶһӡ
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𡣡ı鿴ټеࡣ
ġܿ϶ĵ˵ͷʵ⼸ҲңһؼҿҾе㺦¡
ˡ
𼾳ǣüЦһЦ
һȥ𣿡
á۾ЦŰܽ§
ȥҲһֱ㡣
Ļ˵ҵģҲİ
Ҹİͷڼļϡ
ҲҪһֱһֱһ𡣣꣩
лҪ˵
ۣ~Ƿճ~Ҫú룬Ͼϸ񣬹ҺüΡ
ƪһʼдҼҪģдˣ~~
ʵһֱġֻߡۣʣۻǸİ



43 ճ
1.ڳƺ
˽һº, ּܷԼʱǡ鳤鳤ĽУܾЩСŤ
˿˰ѵƺϲӦøһ

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üԽԽ, ڼϲڵ̺ϣɳ, Ȼͷϣʱ˵ĴȮ
鳤ôˣ
תͷ, סܵĽ, ۾˹
, 鳤
СĺһҲûҪջȵ˼, ɻʵ
ҷ㺰ʢʢ磬Ϊʲôȴ鳤
ʵ΢΢һ£ͻȻĪЩ˼
ǣܺ𣿡ͷСһ㴿ܡ
Ȼáܸ硱Ҳûܵȥٱȡ鳤ƺҪǿ, ǿǿĵ˵ͷ, Ÿ˵һ䡰԰, ͼ۽ǣĺһ硱
, һ¡
ܱһΡ
ǡܸ硱ֻһ֡硱
ƺĪҲе㲻˼ԼӦĻջ, ȴͷСһ, ۾ֱ, ֺһ
硣
㡭һ¡
ܶ΢΢, ŵԼȳ
ɼȴĽɿ˳ȣһ
ÿһͺһ硱ֱס촽
ܱΪôһ͹ȥˣû뵽ȻڴҲôɤӶˡ
ȷֹôرǸʱ
û뵽Ȼĺšˡ
ٺܺݺݷһǹԹԸĿںϹˡ
2.ɹڳƺ
Ȼڼҹڼͺһֱ۲ݣԽԽο󣬼ͼڴͳһ
ԭ۰ľȻ
ǵٴŵʱּܷ費ٺСܡǡŮԷ
Ҳٺܸ硱ǡ򣬽ָʲô
ôˣ
΢΢𾪵۾Ͻתͷһۼϣܺúðһ¡
û뵽ߺȴǰᵯһ¼Ķͷ
ʲôŮ𣿽и򡣡
Ŷһ̧ͷЦܣºһ飬򣬽ʲô𣿡
ܣ
ǣص
3.Ҹ
һܾԼеˡ
Ȼϲ˵Ǽ֪ʵ⡣
磬һ˶ż͵͵ȥأسϵ֣ü˼ãȻĶسõԼǰһΣǲǻˡ
ֱ磬žתתҿþãֻΪԼǲǻǰһ
һĬĬİܵЩٶȴûȥơ
ϾÿͶιСèĿ֣˭ء
죬ֻ˰뷹Ͱѿӷˡ
ʱЩϳϴԡվӵʱߵһѴӱסҧĶʡ
ôԵôٰķó𣿡
ǡҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô
ҾǾáԥ˵ڣҺеˡ
ˣŵķʣְ
ôã㿴ڡ
˵ţûһƤϸС
ģܽŽɵĿ򼾳
ţ
գźĹۣʮϵĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ˯ź󣬼˵ȴЩ˯ˡ
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ǰΪרעڹ̫ݣϳ˵⣬Լιģ˯ʱཱུģü̲סҪִһ¡
ŵʱһôСè϶ըëģڡ
С֣İһܵһģ۵ġ
̫ɰˣ
סԼҪȫҫ飬ջ
㣬ڣʲô
ǰȴͻȻۡ
ҡǸ
ɿתӣҪҸĽ͡
ȴһ°˴ָſ˵ȥ˯ɳ
Ҵˡ
뾡취ֺáװûá
ʹĵĻǣܵڶȥ˽
Ÿ۵ϾҪ˵ټˡ

ڳǰȥعͷ
Ǹأ
ںͶǽǵĹ°
תҡβͣЦ׷ܡ
Ҳ
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ǵδڼ¾͵ˡ
лĶ
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